tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-47194622929079773532024-03-05T13:42:41.388+05:30SATISFIED : BOTANICAL FAMILIESDescription of commonly observed plants of different families mostly from western ghats.Unknownnoreply@blogger.comBlogger62125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-48074513046229683532009-03-03T18:48:00.000+05:302009-03-03T20:35:39.452+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK : ZINGIBERACEAE<a style="font-family: arial;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii3dJGDCOGEy1rG925oACLWjgcUFi2j1gzrUf6glNnoa7Ny3WsJol_VPc0RTX2jEhjL8rxheXiywYjdzkgSMYG6ttAWTIFCch4NODtWWzNOl5HJUr2oyygWFgMsb-H650CBRIfQB2u0zbf/s1600-h/Hitchenia+caulina.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEii3dJGDCOGEy1rG925oACLWjgcUFi2j1gzrUf6glNnoa7Ny3WsJol_VPc0RTX2jEhjL8rxheXiywYjdzkgSMYG6ttAWTIFCch4NODtWWzNOl5HJUr2oyygWFgMsb-H650CBRIfQB2u0zbf/s200/Hitchenia+caulina.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308976558210903666" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-style: italic;">Hitchenia caulina</span><br /><br /><a style="font-family: arial;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/Sa1GDN_NsHI/AAAAAAAAB00/hbV4vDvn2xM/s1600-h/Halad1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 200px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/Sa1GDN_NsHI/AAAAAAAAB00/hbV4vDvn2xM/s200/Halad1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308976556848033906" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial;">Curcuma longa</span><br /><br /><a style="font-family: arial;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkstYcFX19AI2T9e8n2qHfLQcnNThejmz-rJShrO50by0RWWqR3YIkYR3pacGZSmwTxSd7ze73Z82KrU-M3JKDfNeeDgtV6dVRTelBU7NZ3UVKnBhJ_Fe84Ay_J1ramqgdpmvzrNzaoIoQ/s1600-h/Curcuma+pseudomontana.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkstYcFX19AI2T9e8n2qHfLQcnNThejmz-rJShrO50by0RWWqR3YIkYR3pacGZSmwTxSd7ze73Z82KrU-M3JKDfNeeDgtV6dVRTelBU7NZ3UVKnBhJ_Fe84Ay_J1ramqgdpmvzrNzaoIoQ/s200/Curcuma+pseudomontana.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308976556469099570" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial;">Curcuma pseudomontana</span><br /><br /><a style="font-family: arial;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/Sa1GC7_CrHI/AAAAAAAAB0k/5LejfrWXP0Q/s1600-h/Curcuma+nilgirienthes.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/Sa1GC7_CrHI/AAAAAAAAB0k/5LejfrWXP0Q/s200/Curcuma+nilgirienthes.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5308976552015473778" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial;">Curcuma neilgherrensis</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" >FAMILY OF THE WEEK : ZINGIBERACEAE</span><br /><br /><span style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" >A family of 45 genera and 750 species distributed in the tropical regions chiefly Indo Malaysia. In India there are 17 genera and 112 species occurring in Eastern Himalayas and Western ghats.</span><br /><p style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal" ><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Vegetative characters:<o:p></o:p></span></b><br /></p><span style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" >They are perennial herbs with creeping, horizontal or tuberous rhizomes. The plants are usually aromatic.</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" >The aerial stem when present is short and leafy or scapose and bearing only flowers as in Curcuma and Zingiber. The leaves are basal or cauline and are in two rows. They have a sheathing base and a petiole may or may not present between sheath and blade. The blade is linear to ellipticand often large with numerous closely parallel and pinnate veins diverging obliquely from the midrib. A characteristic ligule is present at the junction of the petiole and blade.</span><br /><p style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal" ><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Inflorescence and flowers:<o:p></o:p></span></b><br /></p><span style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" >The inflorescence is either terminal on the leafy shoot or on a scale leaf bearing scape(Curcuma) or produced directly from the rootstock at the base of the stem(Amomum).It is a spike (Curcuma) or a dense head(Costus) or panicle.Sometimes the flowers are solitary as in Gastrochilus.</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" >The flowers are bracteate and the bracts are often coloured and distichous or spirally arranged. They are mostly bisexual, zygomorphic or actinomorphic, trimerous and epigynous. The perianth is of six members in two trimerous whorls. It is differentiated into an outer calyx and and an inner corolla. The three sepals are united into a tube. The odd sepal is anterior. The petals are also more or less united and the three segments are similar or dissimilar and then the posterior segment is usually the largest and covers the edges of lateral segments. The petals are often very showy and delicate. The androecium is of six stamens in two trimerous whorls. The anterior stamen of the outer whorl is always absent while the other two are represented by large and leafy staminodes. The posterior stamen of the inner whorl and the other two are united to form a petaloid labellum which embraces the fertile stamen and is often the most conspicuous part of the flower. The fertile stamen and the staminodes are inserted on the mouth of the corolla tube. The fertile stamen has a slender and deeply grooved filament and a dithecous anther dehiscing vertically. The gynoecium is tricarpellary and syncarpous. The ovary is inferior and trilocular.The style is simple and terminal and is more or less enevoloped in the groove of the filament of the fertile stamen. Sometimes the style is two lipped or dentate. The stigma is simple or capitate.</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" > A pair of nectar secreting epigynous glands are often present.</span><br /><p style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal" ><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Fruits and seeds:<o:p></o:p></span></b><br /></p><span style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" >The fruit is usually a loculicidal capsule. The seeds are rounded or angular with copious hard or mealy endosperm and straight embryo.</span><br /><p style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal" ><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Pollination and dispersal:<o:p></o:p></span></b><br /></p><span style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" >The showy flowers favour insect pollination. The fruits are distributed by animals.</span><br /><p style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" class="MsoNormal" ><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Examples</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-GB">:<o:p></o:p></span></p><span style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" ><span style="font-style: italic;">Zingiber officinale</span> (Ginger, adrak, Ale)</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" >Curcuma</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" ><span style="font-style: italic;">Curcuma longa</span> L. (Turmeric,Haldi)</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" ><span style="font-style: italic;">Curcuma angustifolia </span>Roxb.(East Indian arrowroot, Tikhur)</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial;">Curcuma neilgherrensis</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" ><span style="font-style: italic;">Amomum cardamomum</span> (Cardamum,Choti Elayachi)</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial;font-family:arial;" ><span style="font-style: italic;">Elettaria cardamomum</span> (Cardamon, Elaychi)</span><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-style: italic;">Hitchenia caulina</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-15075886986892457352009-02-23T19:37:00.000+05:302009-02-23T20:09:25.380+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK: VITACEAE<a style="font-family: arial;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SaKwv6jsLzI/AAAAAAAABzk/v6g3m4EzLVo/s1600-h/Leea+indica1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SaKwv6jsLzI/AAAAAAAABzk/v6g3m4EzLVo/s200/Leea+indica1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5305997648215158578" border="0" /></a>
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<br /><a style="font-family: arial;" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAILwuQCZh9iAnPFxzkSRg4ELR7IWXq57SgUM1h2HdlZfvgjsRxv-5uj70IMEnh4k1xsxZmV38Occio0VXhbl9476rtB12iVuh6X6kabk-1Dq2vmn8UbaXgqU1AAiurDskLkoCuDwHxEcQ/s1600-h/Leea+indica2.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgAILwuQCZh9iAnPFxzkSRg4ELR7IWXq57SgUM1h2HdlZfvgjsRxv-5uj70IMEnh4k1xsxZmV38Occio0VXhbl9476rtB12iVuh6X6kabk-1Dq2vmn8UbaXgqU1AAiurDskLkoCuDwHxEcQ/s200/Leea+indica2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5305997650014254178" border="0" /></a>
<br /><span style="font-style: italic; font-family: arial;">Leea indica</span>
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font-family:"Calibri","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoChpDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; mso-default-props:yes; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} .MsoPapDefault {mso-style-type:export-only; margin-bottom:10.0pt; line-height:115%;} @page Section1 {size:8.5in 11.0in; margin:1.0in 1.0in 1.0in 1.0in; mso-header-margin:.5in; mso-footer-margin:.5in; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} --> </style><!--[if gte mso 10]> <style> /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} </style> <![endif]--> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">FAMILY OF THE WEEK: VITACEAE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">It is a small family with 12 genera and 700 species worldwide, distributed in tropics and warm temperate regions of the world.<span style=""> </span>In India there are 8 genera and 95 species occurring in western peninsular India and in the Himalayas.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Vegetative characters:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">They are mostly woody vines climbing by means of tendrils or adventitious roots. The tendrils are attached to the substratum by coiling or by adhesive discs. Species of <i style="">Leea</i> are small trees, shrubs or herbs. The stem is usually sympodial. The stem is angle compressed or cylindrical with numerous very large vessels, swollen or jointed nodes and watery juices. The leaves are alternate or the lower leaves are sometimes opposite, simple or palmately or rarely pinnately compound as in <i style="">Leea</i>. They are often pellucid punctuate and with deciduous stipules. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Inflorescence and flowers:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The numerous flowers are usually arranged in leaf opposed spikes, racemes, panicles or cymes. Occasionally the peduncles are flattened and expanded (<i style="">Pterisanthes</i>). Some peduncles are often transformed into tendrils or viscid discs which adhere to the substratum. The flowers are bracteates, hermaphrodite, rarely unisexual, actinomorphic, tetra or pentamerous and hypogynous. The calyx is small, four or five toothed or lobed or reduced to an inconspicuous ring. The corolla has four or five petals which are free or united. The petals generally fall when the flowers open. The androecium is of four or five stamens which are opposite the petals and are inserted at the base of the disc or between the lobes. The filaments are short, subulate and free or connate at the base (<i style="">Leea</i>). The anthers are free or connate, dithecous, introrse and open by the longitudinal slits. An annular or variously expanded nectariferous disc is present which is free or connate with the petals, stamens or ovary. The gynoecium is two to six carpellary and syncarpous with a superior and two to six locular ovary. The style is short slender and conical or absent and the stigma is capitates, discoid or sublobed.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Fruits and seeds:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The fruit is one to six chambered juicy berry with one or two seeds in each chamber. Seeds have a cartilaginous endosperm and a short basal embryo.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Pollination and dispersal:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The Vitaceae are insect pollinated. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Examples</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-GB">:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Vitis vinifera </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Grape vine)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Leea indica </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Dinda)</span><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Leea macrophylla<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Cissus adnata</span></i></p><p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-style: italic;">Cissus woodrowii</span>
<br /><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Parthenocissus<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Ampelopsis<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p style="font-family: arial;" class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p> Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-82378895160456249162009-02-17T19:10:00.000+05:302020-07-04T15:19:27.473+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK : VERBENACEAE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/Sol48uvzLjI/AAAAAAAACLU/bQRHSbGBjtk/s1600-h/Tectona+grandis3.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5370957015352028722" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/Sol48uvzLjI/AAAAAAAACLU/bQRHSbGBjtk/s200/Tectona+grandis3.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Tectona grandis</span>(Teak)<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZrGVHeeruI/AAAAAAAABy8/QkCBEBi5m-A/s1600-h/Clerodendrum+multiflorum.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5303769577268621026" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZrGVHeeruI/AAAAAAAABy8/QkCBEBi5m-A/s200/Clerodendrum+multiflorum.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Clerodendrum multiflorum</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZrEux8zjOI/AAAAAAAABy0/tK0HbGAz6pU/s1600-h/GmelinaArborea%28shivan%29.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5303767819143580898" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZrEux8zjOI/AAAAAAAABy0/tK0HbGAz6pU/s200/GmelinaArborea(shivan).jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">GmelinaArborea(shivan)</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZrEIqE4aUI/AAAAAAAABys/AuwUohmFYeg/s1600-h/Clerodendrum+serratum+1.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5303767164194941250" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZrEIqE4aUI/AAAAAAAABys/AuwUohmFYeg/s200/Clerodendrum+serratum+1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Clerodendrum serratum(Bharangi)</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZrEIeR8a9I/AAAAAAAAByk/gNOHtcuzmIY/s1600-h/Petrea+volubilisDSCN1897.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5303767161028504530" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZrEIeR8a9I/AAAAAAAAByk/gNOHtcuzmIY/s200/Petrea+volubilisDSCN1897.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Petrea volubilis</span><br />
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZrEIWSKnSI/AAAAAAAAByc/NxCwa6NfSfw/s1600-h/Clerodendrum+viscosum1.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5303767158881951010" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZrEIWSKnSI/AAAAAAAAByc/NxCwa6NfSfw/s200/Clerodendrum+viscosum1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Clerodendrum viscosum</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZrEIWiQn9I/AAAAAAAAByU/qyaR9v4BaD0/s1600-h/Citharexylum+quadrangulare.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5303767158949453778" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZrEIWiQn9I/AAAAAAAAByU/qyaR9v4BaD0/s200/Citharexylum+quadrangulare.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 133px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Citharexylum quadrangulare</span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w7qBuiDjCbA/XwBP52yzT6I/AAAAAAAAPCM/yNMHamiCmmkvyw2zmbw8JlWo5hY1guuMACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/VitexDSCN1727.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="150" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w7qBuiDjCbA/XwBP52yzT6I/AAAAAAAAPCM/yNMHamiCmmkvyw2zmbw8JlWo5hY1guuMACLcBGAsYHQ/s200/VitexDSCN1727.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w7qBuiDjCbA/XwBP52yzT6I/AAAAAAAAPCM/yNMHamiCmmkvyw2zmbw8JlWo5hY1guuMACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/VitexDSCN1727.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Vitex negundo</a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-w7qBuiDjCbA/XwBP52yzT6I/AAAAAAAAPCM/yNMHamiCmmkvyw2zmbw8JlWo5hY1guuMACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/VitexDSCN1727.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">FAMILY OF THE WEEK : VERBENACEAE</span><br />
A large family mostly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. In India it is represented by 21 genera and 125 species occurring mostly in southern and western India and the tropical and subtropical Himalayas.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Vegetative characters:</span><br />
Mostly annual or perennial herbs, sometimes shrubs or trees and rarely woody climbers(<span style="font-style: italic;">Petrea</span>). <span style="font-style: italic;">Avicennia </span>is a mangrove shrub or small tree.<br />
The stem is often quadrangular and increases in thickness by formation of concentric rings of cambium. The leaves are usually opposite or whorled, exstipulate, simple or rarely pinnately or palmately compound.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Inflorescence and flowers :</span><br />
The Inflorescence may be cymose, racemose or spicate. The cymes are often compound or panicled as in <span style="font-style: italic;">Tectona</span>. The bracts and bracteoles are usually present.<br />
The flowers are bisexual or sometimes polygamous by abor, more or less zygomorphic, usually pentamerous and hypogynous. The calyx is gamosepalous, persistent and usually five toothed or lobed. The corolla is gamopetalous, tubular and the tube often cylindric, limb bi lipped or unequally five lobed. The lobes are imbricate in bud. The stamens are four didynamous and epipetalous on the corolla tube. The anthers are dithecous, introrse and opening lengthwise. The gynoecium is bicarpellary and syncarpous. The ovary is superior with as many locules as the number of carpels. The stigma has as many lobes as the number of carpels.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Fruits and seeds :</span><br />
The fruit is a drupe with one seeded pyrenes. The seeds have a straight embryo and are nonendospermic or with scanty endosperm.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Pollination and dispersal :</span><br />
Mostly pollinated by bees and butterflies.The seeds are dispersed by birds and animals.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Examples :</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Tectona grandis </span>(Teak, Sag)<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Premma bengalensis</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Vitex altissima</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Vitex negundo</span> (Nirgudi) <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Gmelina arborea </span>(Shivan) <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Lantana camara</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Duranta repens</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Petrea volubilis</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Clerodendrum</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Holmskioldia sanguinea</span> (Chinese hat plant)<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Caryopteris incana.</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Citharexylum quadrangulare</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-2217518617187093972009-02-11T21:01:00.000+05:302020-07-04T15:11:27.009+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK: TILIACEAE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZL9_ekPJjI/AAAAAAAABx8/1k-go58KUFo/s1600-h/Grewia+hirsuta1.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5301578978347132466" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZL9_ekPJjI/AAAAAAAABx8/1k-go58KUFo/s200/Grewia+hirsuta1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Grewia hirsuta</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZL9_YVjUCI/AAAAAAAAByE/otuk7HrRIw4/s1600-h/Grewia+flavescens3.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5301578976674926626" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SZL9_YVjUCI/AAAAAAAAByE/otuk7HrRIw4/s200/Grewia+flavescens3.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Grewia flavescens</span><br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wrz8YKenAf8/XwBOmwT8wNI/AAAAAAAAPBw/UGLKKCaSEPwxLOGXvxdlHWUEhNfvVumkwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Grewia%2BtiliifoliaDSCN5857.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="150" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wrz8YKenAf8/XwBOmwT8wNI/AAAAAAAAPBw/UGLKKCaSEPwxLOGXvxdlHWUEhNfvVumkwCLcBGAsYHQ/s200/Grewia%2BtiliifoliaDSCN5857.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wrz8YKenAf8/XwBOmwT8wNI/AAAAAAAAPBw/UGLKKCaSEPwxLOGXvxdlHWUEhNfvVumkwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Grewia%2BtiliifoliaDSCN5857.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Grewia tilliifolia</a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JZpc3NLaSn4/XwBM3yn4_II/AAAAAAAAPBI/uc_8NPijp6wcJtv6ATjhbAV2Uq3-N9pvACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Grewia%2Basiatica1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="150" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JZpc3NLaSn4/XwBM3yn4_II/AAAAAAAAPBI/uc_8NPijp6wcJtv6ATjhbAV2Uq3-N9pvACLcBGAsYHQ/s200/Grewia%2Basiatica1.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JZpc3NLaSn4/XwBM3yn4_II/AAAAAAAAPBI/uc_8NPijp6wcJtv6ATjhbAV2Uq3-N9pvACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Grewia%2Basiatica1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Grewia asiatica</a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--oDux4lb6SI/XwBM8semI1I/AAAAAAAAPBM/nyd39I123BkXJtmM71ZkgbzNLvAtGVSWgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Erinocarpus%2Bnimmonii3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="150" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--oDux4lb6SI/XwBM8semI1I/AAAAAAAAPBM/nyd39I123BkXJtmM71ZkgbzNLvAtGVSWgCLcBGAsYHQ/s200/Erinocarpus%2Bnimmonii3.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--oDux4lb6SI/XwBM8semI1I/AAAAAAAAPBM/nyd39I123BkXJtmM71ZkgbzNLvAtGVSWgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Erinocarpus%2Bnimmonii3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Erinocarpus nimmonii</a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fUDIAGMh2sE/XwBN0uxyryI/AAAAAAAAPBY/Fy6_2QySbbs3NdcU5XftI7siEBf3OBsSwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Grewia%2BnervosaDSCN9134s2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="150" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fUDIAGMh2sE/XwBN0uxyryI/AAAAAAAAPBY/Fy6_2QySbbs3NdcU5XftI7siEBf3OBsSwCLcBGAsYHQ/s200/Grewia%2BnervosaDSCN9134s2.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-fUDIAGMh2sE/XwBN0uxyryI/AAAAAAAAPBY/Fy6_2QySbbs3NdcU5XftI7siEBf3OBsSwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Grewia%2BnervosaDSCN9134s2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Grewia nervosa</a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DGmJs5ojpdI/XwBN0uSFDsI/AAAAAAAAPBg/zrPN2SLYbKIYfTAy9WpWrvenBSHKJVj5QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Grewia%2Bserrulata1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="150" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DGmJs5ojpdI/XwBN0uSFDsI/AAAAAAAAPBg/zrPN2SLYbKIYfTAy9WpWrvenBSHKJVj5QCLcBGAsYHQ/s200/Grewia%2Bserrulata1.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DGmJs5ojpdI/XwBN0uSFDsI/AAAAAAAAPBg/zrPN2SLYbKIYfTAy9WpWrvenBSHKJVj5QCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Grewia%2Bserrulata1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Grewia serrulata</a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3UCN7X7E9-c/XwBN0jstyTI/AAAAAAAAPBc/C5S-Zj0CK5QQNZa1lG26oirAxiBrZX-ygCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Triumfetta%2Brhomboidea_MG_0338.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="133" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3UCN7X7E9-c/XwBN0jstyTI/AAAAAAAAPBc/C5S-Zj0CK5QQNZa1lG26oirAxiBrZX-ygCLcBGAsYHQ/s200/Triumfetta%2Brhomboidea_MG_0338.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-3UCN7X7E9-c/XwBN0jstyTI/AAAAAAAAPBc/C5S-Zj0CK5QQNZa1lG26oirAxiBrZX-ygCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Triumfetta%2Brhomboidea_MG_0338.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Corchorus olitarius</a></div>
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--oDux4lb6SI/XwBM8semI1I/AAAAAAAAPBM/nyd39I123BkXJtmM71ZkgbzNLvAtGVSWgCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Erinocarpus%2Bnimmonii3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">FAM</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">IL</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Y</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> OF THE </span><span style="font-weight: bold;">WEEK:</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> TILIACEAE</span><br />
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Chiefly distributed in tropical and temperate regions, in southeast Asia and Brazil. In India there are 14 genera and more than 110 species, found mostly in warmer parts.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Vegetative characters:</span><br />
They are mostly trees or shrubs, sometimes herbs. The stems often have strong phloem fibre. The plants are usually covered with stellate hairs.<br />
The leaves are usually alternate, often showing a distinct distichous arrangement, simple, entire or lobed. The blade is usually oblique with the larger side towards the branch. The stipules are free and often caducous and fall as the bud unfolds.<br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">Inflorescence and flowers:</span><br />
The flowers are usually arranged in cymose inflorescences which are axillary or terminal and few to many flowered. The flowers are complete, usually hermaphrodite, actinomorphic and hypogynous. The calyx is of mostly five, free or connate sepals which are valvate in bud. The corolla has as many petals as the sepals. the petals are free and show imbricate or valvate aestivation in bud. They are often glandular at the base.<br />
The androecium has ten to numerous stamens, arising from a disc; distinct or basally connate in five bundles. The filaments are filiform and the anthers are dithecous, introrse and opening by a longitudinal slit or by an apical pore. In <span style="font-style: italic;">Grewia </span>the stamens are raised by the development of an internode between the petals and the stamens.<br />
The gynoecium is two to ten carpellary with a superior and sessile ovary.<br />
<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Fruits and seeds:</span><br />
The fruit is fleshy or dry and dehiscent or indehiscent. the seeds are endospermic with a straight embryo.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Pollination and dispersal:</span><br />
The pollination is by insects. The fruits of <span style="font-style: italic;">Grewia </span>are edible and the seed dispersal is by animals. In <span style="font-style: italic;">Triumfetta </span>the fruits are adhesive and develop spines and thus attach to humans and animals.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;"><br />Examples:</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Corchorus capsularis </span>(Jute)<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Grewia</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Triumfetta</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Tilia</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-20058171862571355552009-02-04T20:35:00.000+05:302020-07-04T15:24:31.465+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK: STERCULIACEAE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYm0aeSlrcI/AAAAAAAABxE/inYHMN84PgU/s1600-h/DSCN0180sterculia.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298964803478728130" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYm0aeSlrcI/AAAAAAAABxE/inYHMN84PgU/s200/DSCN0180sterculia.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Sterculia foetida</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYm0a9MEFxI/AAAAAAAABxc/CacI5nUXCU0/s1600-h/Firminia1.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298964811772860178" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYm0a9MEFxI/AAAAAAAABxc/CacI5nUXCU0/s200/Firminia1.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Firminia colorata</span><br />
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYm0avxns6I/AAAAAAAABxU/3n-wFpLp2cQ/s1600-h/Eriolaena+quinquelocularis2.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298964808172286882" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYm0avxns6I/AAAAAAAABxU/3n-wFpLp2cQ/s200/Eriolaena+quinquelocularis2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Eriolaena quinquelocularis</span><br />
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYm0aitgMfI/AAAAAAAABxM/KESKOt77-B4/s1600-h/DSCN9289.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298964804665356786" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYm0aitgMfI/AAAAAAAABxM/KESKOt77-B4/s200/DSCN9289.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Sterculia alata</span><br />
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<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYm0ac9KW-I/AAAAAAAABw8/Bs-Sk7hY1Ww/s1600-h/DGauzuma+tomentosa+6385.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298964803120421858" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYm0ac9KW-I/AAAAAAAABw8/Bs-Sk7hY1Ww/s200/DGauzuma+tomentosa+6385.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Gauzuma</span><br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbTlylLCp66K-zZeyrE_SYZTR5gBM0xSSukW1vISOnspRf55ZwsDQseyD8QggTWiK9rFg-QajIGZPYg2l9Lc45RCSVOOd_AVScnl0kH7YMAHjEkphO01Kw4FGzVFhr9VUK7po9Q7X5U2xm/s1600-h/DSCN1468a.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298966585324436930" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhbTlylLCp66K-zZeyrE_SYZTR5gBM0xSSukW1vISOnspRf55ZwsDQseyD8QggTWiK9rFg-QajIGZPYg2l9Lc45RCSVOOd_AVScnl0kH7YMAHjEkphO01Kw4FGzVFhr9VUK7po9Q7X5U2xm/s200/DSCN1468a.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Dombeya</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisPhPo_WDfHV3elPYNSxitycvkOSQN94f5qaWf3dhifHCo5InQofBBHo0CYxCG8Gdx3W62TKP72PhktiH3dKi_871x6TdJrE3iH6C80f_NwGX7nXQ_9SO4_tBfuHzco9XpxkNGRWs5eqnW/s1600-h/Pterospermum+acerifolium1.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5298965124234916354" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEisPhPo_WDfHV3elPYNSxitycvkOSQN94f5qaWf3dhifHCo5InQofBBHo0CYxCG8Gdx3W62TKP72PhktiH3dKi_871x6TdJrE3iH6C80f_NwGX7nXQ_9SO4_tBfuHzco9XpxkNGRWs5eqnW/s200/Pterospermum+acerifolium1.jpg" style="height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Pterospermum acerifolium</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-F-UWarnW6lQ_OJcVTlcKGNy_jK1ve9a74Cufclvplc-pGDY8IcV_oePfrdhxjALJKkx62BKn1xXOfsGVwcbFBGWkjRtWSuCiLSm7e2KrwPBj5OZYYewhqZLFkJ5NOA2N4m8amGW7kfJ4/s1600/Theobroma+cacaoDSCN4254s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="600" data-original-width="800" height="150" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-F-UWarnW6lQ_OJcVTlcKGNy_jK1ve9a74Cufclvplc-pGDY8IcV_oePfrdhxjALJKkx62BKn1xXOfsGVwcbFBGWkjRtWSuCiLSm7e2KrwPBj5OZYYewhqZLFkJ5NOA2N4m8amGW7kfJ4/s200/Theobroma+cacaoDSCN4254s.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-F-UWarnW6lQ_OJcVTlcKGNy_jK1ve9a74Cufclvplc-pGDY8IcV_oePfrdhxjALJKkx62BKn1xXOfsGVwcbFBGWkjRtWSuCiLSm7e2KrwPBj5OZYYewhqZLFkJ5NOA2N4m8amGW7kfJ4/s1600/Theobroma+cacaoDSCN4254s.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Theobroma cacao</a></div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YP5s823G04Q/XwBRRHD3MeI/AAAAAAAAPCs/jZafB_I5XrMTAF7okbe3S588MieBoU5mACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Pterospermum%2Bxylocarpum%2B%2B_MG_6940%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1200" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YP5s823G04Q/XwBRRHD3MeI/AAAAAAAAPCs/jZafB_I5XrMTAF7okbe3S588MieBoU5mACLcBGAsYHQ/s200/Pterospermum%2Bxylocarpum%2B%2B_MG_6940%2Bcopy.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-YP5s823G04Q/XwBRRHD3MeI/AAAAAAAAPCs/jZafB_I5XrMTAF7okbe3S588MieBoU5mACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Pterospermum%2Bxylocarpum%2B%2B_MG_6940%2Bcopy.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Pterospermum xylocarpum</a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IJD5eFJCBSw/XwBRXdg09tI/AAAAAAAAPCw/nRq0j17VGKcYF0f20bMvuljGeQtC50w7ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Sterculia%2Burens%2BDSCN4704.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="150" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IJD5eFJCBSw/XwBRXdg09tI/AAAAAAAAPCw/nRq0j17VGKcYF0f20bMvuljGeQtC50w7ACLcBGAsYHQ/s200/Sterculia%2Burens%2BDSCN4704.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IJD5eFJCBSw/XwBRXdg09tI/AAAAAAAAPCw/nRq0j17VGKcYF0f20bMvuljGeQtC50w7ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Sterculia%2Burens%2BDSCN4704.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Sterculia urens</a></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-C5-D8njFwaQ/XwBRudXey-I/AAAAAAAAPDA/P3arzpMyMy4zc27VegOwcTR5BS4YKK3jwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Sterculia%2Bvillosa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="600" height="200" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-C5-D8njFwaQ/XwBRudXey-I/AAAAAAAAPDA/P3arzpMyMy4zc27VegOwcTR5BS4YKK3jwCLcBGAsYHQ/s200/Sterculia%2Bvillosa.jpg" width="150" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-C5-D8njFwaQ/XwBRudXey-I/AAAAAAAAPDA/P3arzpMyMy4zc27VegOwcTR5BS4YKK3jwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Sterculia%2Bvillosa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Sterculia villosa</a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-C5-D8njFwaQ/XwBRudXey-I/AAAAAAAAPDA/P3arzpMyMy4zc27VegOwcTR5BS4YKK3jwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Sterculia%2Bvillosa.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IJD5eFJCBSw/XwBRXdg09tI/AAAAAAAAPCw/nRq0j17VGKcYF0f20bMvuljGeQtC50w7ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Sterculia%2Burens%2BDSCN4704.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-IJD5eFJCBSw/XwBRXdg09tI/AAAAAAAAPCw/nRq0j17VGKcYF0f20bMvuljGeQtC50w7ACLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Sterculia%2Burens%2BDSCN4704.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a><br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">FAMI</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">L</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Y OF</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"> THE W</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">EEK: STERCULIACEAE</span><br />
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Family chiefly of tropics. There are 18 genera and more than 90 species mostly in tropical areas while some are in Himalayas.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Vegetative characters:</span><br />
Mostly soft wooded trees or shrubs, sometimes herbs, rarely climbers. The younger parts are often stellate, tomentose. The bark is mucilaginous and the inner often fibrous. The leaves are alternate or rarely subopposite, simple, entire, palmately lobed or digitate(<span style="font-style: italic;">Sterculia</span>). The petiole is often pulvinate. Stipules present usually caducous.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Inflorescence and flowers:</span><br />
Inflorescences are axillary or sometimes terminal complex cymes. The flowers are hermaphrodite or unisexual or polygamous, actinomorphic, pentamerous and hypogynous. The calyx has five sepals, valvate more or less united, often coloured(<span style="font-style: italic;">Sterculia</span>).Corolla has five petals. They are absent in Sterculia, free or adnate to the base of the staminal tube. They are deciduous or sometimes persistent(<span style="font-style: italic;">Dombeya</span>). Androecium has few to many stamens which are free or often connate in tube. Gynoecium is 2-5 carpellary and syncarpous with a superior ovary, sessile or raised with androgynophore. The style is simple or lobed or rarely divided upto the base<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Fruits and seeds:</span><br />
Fruits are dry / fleshy, dehiscent/indehiscent. Seeds endo/nonendospermic with a straight or a curved embryo.<br />
he seeds are numerous, compressed, discoid or subreniform, endospermic and with a curved or straight embryo.<span style="font-weight: bold;">Pollination and dispersal:</span>Pollination is by insects. Winged seeds of <span style="font-style: italic;">Dombeya </span>and <span style="font-style: italic;">Pterospermum </span>favor wind dipersal of seeds. It also takes place by animals and birds.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Examples:</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Sterculia</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Pterospermum</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Helicterus</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Dombeya</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Theobroma cacao</span> (Coco tree)<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Cola acuminata</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Gauzuma ulmifolia</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Firminia colorata</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Eriolaena quinquelocularis</span></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-52491558954096942012009-01-30T20:21:00.000+05:302009-01-30T21:19:16.166+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK: SOLANACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYMfeuP_GmI/AAAAAAAABw0/gTBpbjBMi5c/s1600-h/DSCN1179a.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYMfeuP_GmI/AAAAAAAABw0/gTBpbjBMi5c/s200/DSCN1179a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5297112199389452898" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYMfeZUlLJI/AAAAAAAABws/a3Wm6fG58H0/s1600-h/DSCN1167a.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYMfeZUlLJI/AAAAAAAABws/a3Wm6fG58H0/s200/DSCN1167a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5297112193771580562" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2JOmN-NOlCqqSzOBv1uWhLPZAPnHhI1BhUw7iydYDiQGAQ2uvV4zYnf4sHehZvtfZ3-AH1GFXMhdxgx7EQMX0JLd_YKVOVN8vbIT3UzPLWhAdh5U4Cocr7zj_eGdUoUujemkJ8jTSc2Pa/s1600-h/Solanum1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2JOmN-NOlCqqSzOBv1uWhLPZAPnHhI1BhUw7iydYDiQGAQ2uvV4zYnf4sHehZvtfZ3-AH1GFXMhdxgx7EQMX0JLd_YKVOVN8vbIT3UzPLWhAdh5U4Cocr7zj_eGdUoUujemkJ8jTSc2Pa/s200/Solanum1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5297110598272475458" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYMeBBKZhMI/AAAAAAAABwc/XDZRvuuHQFA/s1600-h/Solanum+anguivi1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 200px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SYMeBBKZhMI/AAAAAAAABwc/XDZRvuuHQFA/s200/Solanum+anguivi1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5297110589558588610" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">FAMILY OF THE WEEK: SOLANACEAE</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">(NIGHTSHADE FAMILY)</span><br />A large family with over 2000 species worldwide. In India there are 15 genera and 88 species. Many species are cultivated while others occur chiefly in Himalayas and southern and eastern parts of India.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Vegetative characters:</span><br />They are mostly annual or perennial herbs, sometimes shrubs or small trees and rarely climbers. The stems are prickly or spinous, the spines are modified branches. The vascular bundles are bicollateral. Underground tubers are found in <span style="font-style: italic;">Solanum tuberosum</span>. The leaves are alternate,exstipulate, simple,entire, lobed or pinnatified. In the inflorescence portion the leaves often become subopposite or opposite.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Inflorescence and flowers:</span><br />Often cymes which are lateral, axillary or terminal. In some species of <span style="font-style: italic;">Solanum </span>they are extraaxillary appearing to arise from the middle of an internode. Very frequently they are solitary and axillary as in <span style="font-style: italic;">Datura </span>and <span style="font-style: italic;">Nicardia </span>and rarely clustered as in <span style="font-style: italic;">Withania</span>. The bracts and bracteoles are absent.<br />The flowers are actinomorphic or sometimes zygomorphic, bisexual, pentamerous and hypogynous. The calyx is five lobed or five partite and usually persistent and much enlarged in fruit. The corolla is gamopetalous and funnell shaped(<span style="font-style: italic;">Datura</span>) campanuloate(<span style="font-style: italic;">Physalis</span>) or rotate(<span style="font-style: italic;">Solanum</span>) The limb is usually five lobed or rarely ten lobed as in <span style="font-style: italic;">Datura </span>and the lobes are folded contorted or valvate. The stamens are usually five,epipetalous on the corolla tube and alternate with the lobes. They are commonly of unequal heights. The anthers are ovate or oblong, sometimes connivant into a cone as in <span style="font-style: italic;">Solanum</span>, dithecous,introrse and dehiscing by longitudinal slits or by apical pores.(<span style="font-style: italic;">Solanum</span>)<br />Thhe gynoecium is typically bicarpellary and syncarpous. The ovary is superior and bilocular with axile placentation.The style is linear and the stigma is capitate or shortly lobed.<br />A hypogynous nectariferous disc is usually present at the base of the ovary.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Fruits and seeds:<br /></span><span>The </span><span>fruit is a berry which is sometimes (<span style="font-style: italic;">Physalis</span>)</span><span>enc</span><span>losed within an </span><span>inflated bladder-like calyx or capsule</span><span style="font-weight: bold;">. </span><span>T</span><span>he seeds are numerous, compressed, discoid or subreniform, endospermic and with a curved or straight embryo.<br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Pollination and dispersal:<br /></span><span>Conspicuous flowers and nectariferous disc favor insect pollination. Solanum tuberosum is devoid of nectar and is scarcely visited by insects. Here usually self pollination occurs by the style curving backwards to touch the anthers.<br />The seeds are usually dispersed by birds and animals.Species of Datura,Atropa and Hyoscyamus are dispersed by water.<br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">Examples:<br /></span><span style="font-style: italic;">Solanum tuberosum </span><span>(Potato, Batata)</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span><span style="font-style: italic;">Solanum melongena </span><span>(Egg plant,Brinjal,Baingan,Wang)</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Lycopersicon esculentum</span><span>(Tomato)</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Capsicum annuum </span><span>(Chillies, Mirch)</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Nicotiana tobacum </span><span>(Tobacco)</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Atropa belladonna</span><span>(Belladonna)</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Hyoscymus niger<br />Datura stramonium<br />Withania somnifera </span><span>(Ashwagandha)</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br /></span><span style="font-style: italic;">Withania coagulans </span><span>(Indian rennett)</span><span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Petunia<br /></span><span><br /></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-38544364754882335852009-01-21T19:28:00.000+05:302019-09-09T21:13:01.101+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK: SCROPHULARIACEAE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SXczBmSYo_I/AAAAAAAABtQ/fg-OFy_GU6k/s1600-h/RhamphicarpaSNV30892a.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5293755989547852786" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SXczBmSYo_I/AAAAAAAABtQ/fg-OFy_GU6k/s200/RhamphicarpaSNV30892a.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
Rhamphicarpa<br />
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SXczBd60VmI/AAAAAAAABtI/WDCwqnhYVuc/s1600-h/Verbascum+chinens.2.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5293755987301520994" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SXczBd60VmI/AAAAAAAABtI/WDCwqnhYVuc/s200/Verbascum+chinens.2.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 200px; width: 150px;" /></a><br />
Verbascum chinens<br />
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SXc3tixt3UI/AAAAAAAABtY/avy1c8S2sqY/s1600-h/DSCN0363.JPG" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5293761142566280514" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SXc3tixt3UI/AAAAAAAABtY/avy1c8S2sqY/s200/DSCN0363.JPG" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a><br />
<i>Lindernia ciliata</i><br />
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<span style="font-weight: bold;">FAMILY OF THE WEEK: SCROPHULARIACEAE</span><br />
This family is cosmopolitan in distribution but most abundant intemperate regions. In India it is represented by 57 genera and 350 species occurring chiefly in Himalayas.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Vegetative characters:</span><br />
Mostly annual or perennial herbs, sometimes shrubs (<span style="font-style: italic;">Veronica</span>) or rarely trees(<span style="font-style: italic;">Wightia</span>). Certain members are aquatic(<span style="font-style: italic;">Limnophila</span>) or marsh (<span style="font-style: italic;">Departrium </span>and <span style="font-style: italic;">Herpestis</span>) Some are chlorophyll containing hemiparasites(<span style="font-style: italic;">Pedicularis </span>and <span style="font-style: italic;">Striga</span>) or parasites without chlorophyll as Lathraea.<br />
Usually the lower leaves are opposite and upper alternate.They are simple exstipulate entire or pinnately lobed or incised.<br />
Inflorescence and flowers:<br />
Variable but commonly racemose or spicate. Sometimes cymose or axillary solitary.The bracts and bracteoles are usually present.<br />
The flowers are perfect, hermaphrodite,zygomorphic or sometimes as in <span style="font-style: italic;">Verbascum </span>nearly actinomorphic and hypogynous.The calyx is deeply five lobed or divided, persistent, imbricate or valvate. The corolla is gamopetalous and the limb is usually free and more or less bi-lipped.Commonly five stamens are fertile and the fifth is reduced to a staminode or is completely absent.The stamens are epipetalous. the anthers are dithecous but occasionally the two cells are unequal or only one cell is present. The gynoecium is bicarpellary and syncarpous with a superior bilocular ovary. The style is simple and the stigma is capitate, bilobed or bi-lamellate.<br />
An annular or cup shaped nectariferous disc is present at the base of the ovary which is sometimes bilobed.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Fruits and seeds:</span><br />
The fruit is a capsule or rarely a berry. the seeds are small with a fleshy endosperm and straight or slightly curved embryo.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Pollination and dispersal:</span><br />
The flowers are adapted for insect pollination. The seeds are dispersed by water, birds or animals.<br />
<span style="font-weight: bold;">Examples:</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Antirrhinum majus </span>(Snapdragon)<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Digitalis purpurea</span> (Common foxglove)<br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Linaria vulgaris</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Verbascum chinens</span><br />
<span style="font-style: italic;">Rhamphicarpa</span><i>Lobelia nicotianifolia(Ran Tambaku)</i><i>Lindernia ciliata</i></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-42400544427245037912009-01-15T22:17:00.001+05:302020-07-04T15:26:43.675+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK: SAPOTACEAE<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on">
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S-lm4MSaZDI/AAAAAAAADq4/bXpXNHZY_h0/s1600/Madhuca+sDSCN1997.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5470016337975338034" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S-lm4MSaZDI/AAAAAAAADq4/bXpXNHZY_h0/s320/Madhuca+sDSCN1997.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 240px; width: 320px;" /></a>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S-lm3nMaYuI/AAAAAAAADqw/Rq0IgTtPl5o/s1600/Madhuca+longifolia+latifolia6.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5470016328018060002" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S-lm3nMaYuI/AAAAAAAADqw/Rq0IgTtPl5o/s320/Madhuca+longifolia+latifolia6.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 240px; width: 320px;" /></a>
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<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S-lm3Wn491I/AAAAAAAADqo/0vu5vYoB9jk/s1600/Madhuca+longifolia1s.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5470016323569907538" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S-lm3Wn491I/AAAAAAAADqo/0vu5vYoB9jk/s320/Madhuca+longifolia1s.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 320px; width: 214px;" /></a>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SW9rRXh3YLI/AAAAAAAABso/3NnjFEa_byc/s1600-h/Achras+sapota2+.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5291566033301627058" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SW9rRXh3YLI/AAAAAAAABso/3NnjFEa_byc/s200/Achras+sapota2+.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Achras sapota</span>
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<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SW9o69ynezI/AAAAAAAABsg/ucEh84uhiZo/s1600-h/Bakul+Mimusops+elengi+DSCN9734.jpg" onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}"><img alt="" border="0" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5291563449412188978" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SW9o69ynezI/AAAAAAAABsg/ucEh84uhiZo/s200/Bakul+Mimusops+elengi+DSCN9734.jpg" style="cursor: pointer; height: 150px; width: 200px;" /></a>
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<span style="font-style: italic;">Mimuseps elengi</span>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0KBfJP-jk60/XwBSP5VG77I/AAAAAAAAPDI/I66no199P6wadbU9In0-VtvxMLWWNehjwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Manilkara%2Bhexandra%2BIMG_6916_1024_Fotor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="533" data-original-width="800" height="133" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0KBfJP-jk60/XwBSP5VG77I/AAAAAAAAPDI/I66no199P6wadbU9In0-VtvxMLWWNehjwCLcBGAsYHQ/s200/Manilkara%2Bhexandra%2BIMG_6916_1024_Fotor.jpg" width="200" /></a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0KBfJP-jk60/XwBSP5VG77I/AAAAAAAAPDI/I66no199P6wadbU9In0-VtvxMLWWNehjwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Manilkara%2Bhexandra%2BIMG_6916_1024_Fotor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;">Manilkara hexandra</a><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0KBfJP-jk60/XwBSP5VG77I/AAAAAAAAPDI/I66no199P6wadbU9In0-VtvxMLWWNehjwCLcBGAsYHQ/s1600/Manilkara%2Bhexandra%2BIMG_6916_1024_Fotor.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB">FAMILY OF THE WEEK: SAPOTACEAE<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">In India there are 10 genera and 52 species occurring mostly in North Eastern and Southern India.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB">Vegetative characters:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">They are trees or shrubs with young parts often rusty tomentose. The plants contain a milky juice. The leaves are alternate or rarely subopposite, simple, entire,petioled and coriacious and leathery. The stipules are usually absent.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB">Inflorescence and flowers:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">The flowers are solitary or in cymose clusters in the leaf axils. They are bisexual, actinomorphic and hypogynous. The calyx has four to eight sepals which are united at the base. They are arranged in two or one series. The corolla is gamopetalous but the corolla tube is shorter than the calyx tube. The corolla lobes are usually as many as the calyx lobes and alternate with them and sometimes twice as many as the calyx lobes. The petal lobes are imbricate in bud.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">The stamens are inserted upon the corolla tube. They are usually as many as the corolla lobes and opposite to the corolla lobes. Sometimes the stamens are two to three times as many as the corolla lobes and then they are two or three seriate. The outer stamens are sometimes reduced to staminodes as in <i>Mimusops</i>. The filaments are usually short. The anthers are oblong lanceolate, dithecous and extrorse. The connective is often produced beyond the anthers. The gynoecium has two to eight syncarpous carpels. The ovary is superior with as many locules as the number of carpels. The style is one, often apically lobed.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB">Fruits and seeds:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">The fruit is one to eight seeded berry. Latex sacs are also present in the inner pulp of the berry. The seeds are often compressed with a crustaceous testa. The embryo is straight.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB">Pollination and dispersal:<o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-GB">Pollination is by insects. Fruits are distributed by birds and animals and water currents.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-GB">Examples</span></b><span lang="EN-GB">:<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-GB">Achrus sapota</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"> (Sapodilla plum)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-GB">Manilkara hexandra<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i><span lang="EN-GB">Madhuca indica<o:p></o:p></span></i></div>
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<i style="font-family: arial;"><span lang="EN-GB">Mimuseps elengi</span></i><span lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-family: "arial";"> (Bakul)</span><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<o:p> </o:p></div>
Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-85632334104256954502009-01-09T20:35:00.000+05:302009-01-09T20:56:25.736+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK: SAPINDACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SWdsdazdHTI/AAAAAAAABrc/QMu2AekEIZM/s1600-h/KusamDSCN5053.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SWdsdazdHTI/AAAAAAAABrc/QMu2AekEIZM/s200/KusamDSCN5053.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289315540037082418" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Schleichera oleosa</span> (Kusam)<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoujX3a1n6IjeT5q5WE4uZno2Em2QF-i3Ws_NK6iuPNZPVNFUIZLJpN5KlEF20iaRLotYtMKTznKqvrpFsUWx_jYN5_k7G8bjxMGskto6ug-YNsd6mCW0p6Qu3QwWY9GxG5KuJJ49bjfRe/s1600-h/DSCN1701s.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjoujX3a1n6IjeT5q5WE4uZno2Em2QF-i3Ws_NK6iuPNZPVNFUIZLJpN5KlEF20iaRLotYtMKTznKqvrpFsUWx_jYN5_k7G8bjxMGskto6ug-YNsd6mCW0p6Qu3QwWY9GxG5KuJJ49bjfRe/s200/DSCN1701s.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289315533139433410" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Sapindus<br /><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SWdsdJGztkI/AAAAAAAABrM/m0CZtok7K2k/s1600-h/DSCN1477s.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SWdsdJGztkI/AAAAAAAABrM/m0CZtok7K2k/s200/DSCN1477s.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5289315535286416962" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Sapindus</span><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">FAMILY OF THE WEEK: SAPINDACEAE</span> <span style="font-weight: bold;">ACERACEAE(MAPLE FAMILY)</span><br />Large family represented in India by 24 genera and 72 species occurring in the tropical eastern Himalayas and western peninsular India.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Vegetative characters:</span><br />The members of the family are trees or shrubs or sometimes vines. The stems show peculiar secondary growth in thickness.<br />The leaves are alternate or rarely opposite (Acer), usually pinnately compound, sometimes simple (Cardiospermum), palmately lobed and veined (Acer) or digitate (Aesculus). They are exstipulate but occasionally stipulate as in Melianthus. The latex or resin cells are often present in the leaves.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Inflorescence and flowers:</span><br />Racemose inflorescence with minute flowers or unilateral cymes in panicles. The flowers are mostly polygamo-dioecious. They are zygomorphic or occasionally actinomorphic, tetra or pentamerous and hypogynous.<br />The calyx is composed of four or five sepals which are free or variously connate, often unequal and valvate or imbricate in bud.<br />The corolla is of four to five free petals but usually there are four petals and the place of fifth petal is vacant.<br />The androecium has typically eight or ten stamens or sometimes less as in Aesculus.<br />An annular or unilateral disc is often present between the petals and the stamens.<br />The gynoecium is usually tricarpellary and syncarpous. The ovary is superior.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Fruits and the seeds:</span><br />The fruit is capsular or it is indehiscent and entire or lobed as in Sapindus. Sometimes the fruit is a double Samara as in Acer or nutlike as in Litchi.<br />The seeds are globose or compound, often arillate, endospermic or nonendospermic with often plicate or spirally convolute embryo.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Pollination and dispersal:</span><br />The flowers are often protandrous and pollinated by insects. Flies and humble bees are the chief pollinators.The fruits of Dodonia and Acer are blown to long distances by strong winds. The dispersal also takes place by birds and animals in many genera.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Examples</span>:<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Litchi chinensis</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Sapindus mukorossi</span> (Soapnut tree, Ritha)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Sapindus laurifolius</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Acer saccharinum</span> (Sugar Maple)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Aesculus hippocastanum </span>(Horse chestnut)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Schleichera oleosa</span> (Kusam)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Dodonia viscose</span> (Vilayati Mehandi)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Nephelium lappaceum</span> (Rambutan)Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-87739202201593316212008-12-29T23:24:00.000+05:302008-12-29T23:32:09.700+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK: RUTACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVkPf7JP46I/AAAAAAAABeE/6pB16Lkk1wU/s1600-h/Murraya1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVkPf7JP46I/AAAAAAAABeE/6pB16Lkk1wU/s200/Murraya1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5285272678822831010" border="0" /></a><br /><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Murraya koenigii </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Kadhilimb)<br /><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVkPfqwDLQI/AAAAAAAABd8/lUar1km8_8g/s1600-h/Kadhilimb.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVkPfqwDLQI/AAAAAAAABd8/lUar1km8_8g/s200/Kadhilimb.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5285272674422172930" border="0" /></a><br /><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Murraya koenigii </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Kadhilimb)<br /><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVkPfLXhN2I/AAAAAAAABd0/FeyD-1IsOdA/s1600-h/Murraya+panniculata.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVkPfLXhN2I/AAAAAAAABd0/FeyD-1IsOdA/s200/Murraya+panniculata.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5285272665997784930" border="0" /></a><br /><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Murraya panniculata </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Kunti)<br /><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVkPe4n5UQI/AAAAAAAABds/TwZ4CX4pCug/s1600-h/FeroniaDSCN9653.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVkPe4n5UQI/AAAAAAAABds/TwZ4CX4pCug/s200/FeroniaDSCN9653.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5285272660966199554" border="0" /></a><br /><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Feronia limoni </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Wood apple)</span><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">FAMILY OF THE WEEK: RUTACEAE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">CITRUS FAMILY<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Widely distributed in tropical and temperate regions especially in south Africa and Australia. In India it is rep[resented by 23 genera and over 80 species mostly in Himalayas and western Peninsular India.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Vegetative characters:<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">They are trees shrubs or rarely herbs. A characteristic feature of the family is the presence of pellucid glands filled with essential oils. The plants have spines as in Citrus and Aegle. The leaves are opposite or alternate and simple or compound. The stipules are absent. The leaves are mostly gland dotted.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Inflorescence and flowers:<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The flowers are usually born in axillary or terminal cymes or panicles., sometimes they <span style=""> </span>form racemes or they are axillary solitary or fascicled. The flowers are bracteate as well as bracteolate, usually hermaphrodite or sometimes unisexual and polygamous as in <i style="">Zanthoxyllum</i>, actinomorphic or sometimes <i style="">zygomorphic</i> as in <i style="">Dictamnus</i>, pentamerous, and hypogynous. A fleshy nectariferous disc is present between the stamens and the ovary.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The calyx is of four or fivr sepals which are free or more often show various degrees of connation. The corolla is composed of four or five free petals, which are valvate or imbricate in bud. The stamens are as many as or twice the petals or sometimes they are numerous as in <i style="">Aegle</i> and <i style="">Citrus</i>. The filaments are usually free. The anthers are dithecous, introrse and dehiscing longitudinally. The gynoecium is of two to five carpels which are completely united or sometimes the carpels are free towards the base and the ovary is deeply lobed. The styles are as many as carpels, free or variously united. The stigmas are terminal, entire or lobed.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Fruits and the seeds:<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The fruit is a capsule or of free membranous ventrally dehiscing few seeded carpels or a drupe or a berry. The seeds may or may not contain endosperm and the embryo is straight or curvrd.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style="">Pollination and dispersal:<o:p></o:p></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The Rutaceae are adapted for insect pollination. The seeds are largely dispersed by animals and also by human agency.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Examples</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-GB">:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Citrus limon </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Lemon)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Citrus medica </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Citron)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Citrus aurantifolia </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Bitter orange)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Citrus sinensis </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Sweet orange)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Citrus reticulata </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Loose skinned orange, Santra)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Citrus paradise </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Grape fruit)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Citrus maxima</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">( Chakotra)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Aegle marmelose </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Bael)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Feronia limoni </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Wood apple)<i style=""><o:p></o:p></i></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Feronia elephantum </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Kavath)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Zanthoxylum<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Murraya koenigii </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Kadhilimb)</span><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Murraya panniculata </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Kunti)</span><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-43595475099826957272008-12-23T11:57:00.000+05:302008-12-23T12:07:42.670+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK: RUBIACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVCG5T-eDDI/AAAAAAAABdk/55XdqnLnTJU/s1600-h/Ixora1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVCG5T-eDDI/AAAAAAAABdk/55XdqnLnTJU/s200/Ixora1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5282870682078546994" border="0" /></a><br />Ixora<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVCG43mZ08I/AAAAAAAABdc/y-zM4bV2RuU/s1600-h/Kadamb3.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVCG43mZ08I/AAAAAAAABdc/y-zM4bV2RuU/s200/Kadamb3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5282870674461414338" border="0" /></a><br />Anthocephalus cadamba<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQLkUglHzFuqBNrnedQ1dmHROJenUw4rsihk_KCaS5f-OBVG78egvHnPt_nfufonLHs2WIF5kY3Q9Owjn2OSLDlffYZ4iX70l1oCkTjgM-2X6LqSoW4PbzRpMBTfbxWo0Mv_x7mWrhWWm_/s1600-h/Kadamb.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQLkUglHzFuqBNrnedQ1dmHROJenUw4rsihk_KCaS5f-OBVG78egvHnPt_nfufonLHs2WIF5kY3Q9Owjn2OSLDlffYZ4iX70l1oCkTjgM-2X6LqSoW4PbzRpMBTfbxWo0Mv_x7mWrhWWm_/s200/Kadamb.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5282870670137731090" border="0" /></a><br />Anthocephalus cadamba<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVCG4uELD4I/AAAAAAAABdM/Tr9equAGxek/s1600-h/Mussaenda+glabrata1.JPG"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVCG4uELD4I/AAAAAAAABdM/Tr9equAGxek/s200/Mussaenda+glabrata1.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5282870671901921154" border="0" /></a><br />Mussaenda<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVCG4SqP85I/AAAAAAAABdE/Zn4zpemDqdI/s1600-h/Pavetta+crassicaulis.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SVCG4SqP85I/AAAAAAAABdE/Zn4zpemDqdI/s200/Pavetta+crassicaulis.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5282870664545432466" border="0" /></a><br />Pavetta<br /><br /><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">FAMILY OF THE WEEK: RUBIACEAE</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: normal;" lang="EN-GB"><span style=""></span>Rubiaceae is a large family. In India there are about 76 genera and 274 species occurring chiefly in the tropical and subtropical Eastern Himalayas extending up to 4600 meters and mountains of southern and Western India.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Vegetative characters:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: normal;" lang="EN-GB">The habit is chiefly woody and the family consists of mostly trees and shrubs. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: normal;" lang="EN-GB">The leaves are opposite decussate or sometimes whorled, simple entire and stipulate. The stipules show much variation in the form. They are frequently interpetiolar or intra petiolar. The stipules are often united. Sometimes as in Gardenia the four stipules are united into a conical cap which is thrown off as the bud opens. The bases of stipules are often glandular.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Inflorescence and flowers:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: normal;" lang="EN-GB">The inflorescence is basically a dichasial cyme and sometimes the small flowered cymes are aggregated into dense head as in <i style="">Anthocephalus</i> and <i style="">Adina</i>. In <i style="">Morinda</i> even the ovaries of the flowers in the head become fused. Rarely the flowers are solitary as in Gardenia and in Coffee one to three flowers stand in the axil of a leaf.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: normal;" lang="EN-GB">The flowers are actinomorphic or rarely slightly zygomorphic, bisexual tetra or pentamerous and epigynous.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: normal;" lang="EN-GB">The calyx is four or five lobed and the lobes are valvate. Sometimes as in <i style="">Mussaenda</i> one of the sepals in one or more flowers of an inflorescence becomes brightly coloured. The corolla is four or five fused petals and is salverform, rotate or funneliform. The petal lobes are valvate, twisted or imbricate in bud. The stamens are as many as the number of petals and they alternate with them. The anthers are dithecous introrse and opening lengthwise. The gynoecium is usually bicarpellary and syncarpous. The ovary is inferior and bilocular with axile placentation. The style is simple and the stigma is capitates or bilobed.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Fruits and the seeds:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: normal;" lang="EN-GB">The fruit is usually a septicidal or loculicidal capsule. Sometimes it is a berry(<i style="">Coffee</i>) or schizocarpic, separating into one seeded segments (<i style="">Galium</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: normal;" lang="EN-GB"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Pollination and dispersal:</span><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: normal;" lang="EN-GB">The pollination is brought about by insects. Sticky fruits and persistent calyx limbs often favour their distribution by birds and animals. Sometimes the seeds are winged and are dispersed by wind.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB">Examples:</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Coffee<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Cinchona<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Ixora coccinea<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Gardenia <o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Mussaenda<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Anthocaphalus cadamba </span></i><span lang="EN-GB">(Kadamb)</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Mitragyna parviflora </span></i><span lang="EN-GB">(Kalam, Laghukadamb )</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Adina cordifolia<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Randia spinosa<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Morinda<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span lang="EN-GB">Pavetta crassicaulis<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-80766276079659355812008-12-16T21:24:00.002+05:302011-10-06T12:20:46.586+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK: ROSACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XmBrNXvB6Hw/To1PsOM_4nI/AAAAAAAAD24/uMolGJzYI30/s1600/DSCN0866%2BSorbaria%2Btomentosa.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XmBrNXvB6Hw/To1PsOM_4nI/AAAAAAAAD24/uMolGJzYI30/s320/DSCN0866%2BSorbaria%2Btomentosa.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660267927820034674" border="0" /></a><br />Sorbaria tomentosa<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-53e7ZEvbU9I/To1O_hdg6SI/AAAAAAAAD2o/YDvWkuN8g1s/s1600/DSCN0881Manali93.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-53e7ZEvbU9I/To1O_hdg6SI/AAAAAAAAD2o/YDvWkuN8g1s/s320/DSCN0881Manali93.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660267159895468322" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v3KVRDA5hVA/To1O_uexiwI/AAAAAAAAD2g/jJAUz07gIqY/s1600/120%2BDSCN1575s%2BPotentilla%2Batrosanguina.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v3KVRDA5hVA/To1O_uexiwI/AAAAAAAAD2g/jJAUz07gIqY/s320/120%2BDSCN1575s%2BPotentilla%2Batrosanguina.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660267163390413570" border="0" /></a><br />Potentilla atrosanguina<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OM33K9mfhOQ/To1O_zSIh_I/AAAAAAAAD2w/R8Wbi7_-4-w/s1600/DSCN1202%2BManali%2B95%2BRosa%2Bwebbiana.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-OM33K9mfhOQ/To1O_zSIh_I/AAAAAAAAD2w/R8Wbi7_-4-w/s320/DSCN1202%2BManali%2B95%2BRosa%2Bwebbiana.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660267164679571442" border="0" /></a><br />Rosa webbiana<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-d0bOZ1V9_do/To1ONk6ZRHI/AAAAAAAAD2Q/YO9kZmw_beo/s1600/DSCN0882%2BSpiraea%2Bcanescens.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-d0bOZ1V9_do/To1ONk6ZRHI/AAAAAAAAD2Q/YO9kZmw_beo/s320/DSCN0882%2BSpiraea%2Bcanescens.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660266301828449394" border="0" /></a><br />Spiraea canescens<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-M1WQkwBLvpA/To1ONhhUQhI/AAAAAAAAD2I/eCmYH6cUPCw/s1600/108%2BDSCN1511s%2BPotentila%2Beriocarpa.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-M1WQkwBLvpA/To1ONhhUQhI/AAAAAAAAD2I/eCmYH6cUPCw/s320/108%2BDSCN1511s%2BPotentila%2Beriocarpa.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660266300917957138" border="0" /></a><br />Potentilla eriocarpa<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-g1aoRU8Jsbo/To1ON-7D-iI/AAAAAAAAD2Y/u-5HnUZhGkU/s1600/Sibbaldia%2Bpurpurea%2Ba%2B100.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-g1aoRU8Jsbo/To1ON-7D-iI/AAAAAAAAD2Y/u-5HnUZhGkU/s320/Sibbaldia%2Bpurpurea%2Ba%2B100.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5660266308810570274" border="0" /></a><br />Sibbaldia purpurea<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SUfPj7zky2I/AAAAAAAABcc/Q-BKg03D_po/s1600-h/DSCN1920a.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SUfPj7zky2I/AAAAAAAABcc/Q-BKg03D_po/s200/DSCN1920a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5280417304371579746" border="0" /></a><br />Pear<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SUfPjqi8iXI/AAAAAAAABcU/a8sZHzbv-M8/s1600-h/DSCN1604a.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SUfPjqi8iXI/AAAAAAAABcU/a8sZHzbv-M8/s200/DSCN1604a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5280417299738429810" border="0" /></a><br />Wild strawberry<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SUfPjY0sENI/AAAAAAAABcM/PxyekcCS-6Q/s1600-h/DSCN1410a.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SUfPjY0sENI/AAAAAAAABcM/PxyekcCS-6Q/s200/DSCN1410a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5280417294981009618" border="0" /></a><br />Wild rose<br /><p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">FAMILY OF THE WEEK: ROSACEAE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">There are over 25 genera and around 215 species in India mainly confined to temperate Himalayas ascending up to 6000 meters.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Vegetative characters:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The plants are herbs, shrubs or trees several species of Rose and <i style="">Rubus</i> have prickles. Sometimes, as in <i style="">Prinsepia</i> and <i style="">Crataegus</i> the shrubs are armed with sharp spines which are modified branches. Vegetative reproduction takes place in several ways.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The leaves are alternate and simple, pinnately or palmately compound. The stipules are usually present.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Inflorescence and flowers:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The flowers are rarely solitary or fascicled, but commonly they are arranged in various types of definite or indefinite inflorescences. The flowers are actinomorphic or sometimes strongly zygomorphic, bisexual or unisexual,polygamous, pentamerous, hypogynous, peri or epigynous. The calyx is of typically five basally connate sepals; the calyx tube is free or adnate to the ovary. The aestivation is imbricate or valvate. In some genera an epicalyx is also present. The corolla is of generally five free petals (there are numerous petals in cultivated species of Rosa) which are usually imbricate in bud. The number of stamens is variable from one to many. They are often in whorls. The filaments are distinct or sometimes monoadelphous. The anthers are dithecous and introrse. A cushion shaped or ringlike nectar secreting disc is present between the stamens and carpel. The gynoecium shows much variation. There are ten different tribes of gynoecial characters and type of fruits.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Seeds:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The seeds are usually without endosperm.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Pollination and dispersal:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">In most Rosaceae the nectar is collected in the receptacular tube and easily licked by insects. The flowers are mostly protogynous and favour cross pollination.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The seeds are dispersed by animals and birds.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Rosa multiflora </i>(Rose)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Rosa damascene<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Rosa indica<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Rosa banksiae<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Rosa centifolia<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Pyrus mallus</i> (Apple)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Pyrus communis </i>(Pear)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Prunus persica </i>(Peach)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Prunus domestica <o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Prunus institia </i>(Plum)<i style=""><o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Prunus armeniaca </i>(Apricot)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Prunus amygdalous </i>(Almond)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Fragaria chiloensis</i> (Garden Strawberry)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Fragaria vesca</i> L. (Alpine strawberry)</p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Spiraea<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">potentilla<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Brambles<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style="">Cinquefoil<o:p></o:p></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-71412551827060752332008-12-08T20:20:00.000+05:302008-12-08T20:34:18.489+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK: RANUNCULACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/ST03JjNyzZI/AAAAAAAABbo/ETLJfo3fBBU/s1600-h/ClematisDSCN7316.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/ST03JjNyzZI/AAAAAAAABbo/ETLJfo3fBBU/s200/ClematisDSCN7316.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5277434975559536018" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/ST03JLUBgbI/AAAAAAAABbg/v8AOaKCsORk/s1600-h/Clematis+.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 200px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/ST03JLUBgbI/AAAAAAAABbg/v8AOaKCsORk/s200/Clematis+.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5277434969143214514" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Clematis</span><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">FAMILY OF THE WEEK: RANUNCULACEAE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(BUTTERCUP FAMILY)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">In India there are 20 genera and 154 species mostly confined to mountainous region.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Vegetative characters:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">They are mainly annual or perennial herbs but some are climbers such as <i style="">Clematis</i>. Some are aquatic herbs. The perennial species usually develop rhizomes and tuberous roots. The vascular bundles in the stem of some genera are not arranged in a ring but are somewhat irregular, recalling the arrangement of monocots.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The leaves are radical or alternate or opposite as in <i style="">Clematis</i>. Stipules are absent but they often have sheathing bases. Generally they are simple and palmately lobed or divided but they are entire in <i style="">Caltha</i>, pinnately compound in <i style="">Clematis</i> and decompounds in <i style="">Thalicrtum</i>. Aquatic species show heterophylly with submerged leaves finely dissected.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Inflorescence and flowers:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The Inflorescence is variable. Most of the genera show typically determinate Inflorescence. The flowers are solitary terminal in <i style="">Anemone</i> and <i style="">Nigella</i>. They form long racemes in Delphinium and <i style="">Acotinum</i> and much branched panicles in <i style="">Clematis</i> and <i style="">Thalictrum</i>. The flowers are generally bisexual, mostly actinomorphic. The flower parts are arranged spirally on an elongated receptacle. The sepals are 5-8, distinct, imbricate or valvate, usually deciduous. The petals are usually five free symmetrical or irregular. The stamens are many polyandrous and spirally arranged. The anthers are adnate dithecous, extrorse and dehiscing longitudinally. The gynoecium is usually of numerous free carpels arranged spirally on a distinct thalamus. The style and stigma are one.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Fruits and seeds:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><span style=""> </span>The fruit is usually a group of few to many seeded follicles or a group of one seeded achenes. In <i style="">Clematis</i> the achenes have long persistent feathery styles. The seed has a copious endosperm and a minute straight embryo.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Pollination and dispersal:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The flowers are protandrous and are adapted for insect pollination. The dispersal is by wind in many species. Some are disseminated by animals and birds.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Ranunculus </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Buttercup)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Thalictrum </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Meadow- rue)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Clematis </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">( Virgins- bower)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Anemone </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Wind flower)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Delphinium </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Larkspur)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Acotinum</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Aconite)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Aquilegia</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Columbine)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Nigella</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Love-in-a-mist)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Nigella sativa</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Black fennel,Kala jeera)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Caltha</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Marsh Marigold)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Paeonia</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Peony)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Adonis aestivalis<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-61841839317489447492008-12-01T20:08:00.000+05:302009-11-11T19:51:03.237+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK: POLYGONACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiobKNVDWnHwERa-gAI7Jn8vFQXCfIQ7VawcvIidBQzxrYTlwyri8aY1hlV7gLLhQtRurQNYys2ndmAPQ45m8DPwCYatmmgTpf4gxp7xdTxVwLh-Xy9T0RPIgMnfktUSyk8ZmIV7lrqUHl8/s1600-h/Antigonon+leptopus.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiobKNVDWnHwERa-gAI7Jn8vFQXCfIQ7VawcvIidBQzxrYTlwyri8aY1hlV7gLLhQtRurQNYys2ndmAPQ45m8DPwCYatmmgTpf4gxp7xdTxVwLh-Xy9T0RPIgMnfktUSyk8ZmIV7lrqUHl8/s320/Antigonon+leptopus.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5402850339683522274" border="0" /></a><br />Antigonon leptopus<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SvrHRj-EbaI/AAAAAAAACxs/5bDCHb8quO4/s1600-h/DSCN3180sPolygonum+auriculata.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SvrHRj-EbaI/AAAAAAAACxs/5bDCHb8quO4/s320/DSCN3180sPolygonum+auriculata.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5402849807511612834" border="0" /></a><br />Polygonum auriculata<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SvrHR8-XaiI/AAAAAAAACx0/ixG5-LN-r78/s1600-h/DSCN3272sPolygonum+auriculata.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SvrHR8-XaiI/AAAAAAAACx0/ixG5-LN-r78/s320/DSCN3272sPolygonum+auriculata.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5402849814223743522" border="0" /></a><br />Polygonum auriculata<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/STP8K9fhlKI/AAAAAAAABbA/3tU-5qJRt5Y/s1600-h/PersicariaDSCN1440.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/STP8K9fhlKI/AAAAAAAABbA/3tU-5qJRt5Y/s200/PersicariaDSCN1440.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5274836853816661154" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SvrHSGpqooI/AAAAAAAACx8/P_kLezusT5Y/s1600-h/112+DSCN1584s.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SvrHSGpqooI/AAAAAAAACx8/P_kLezusT5Y/s320/112+DSCN1584s.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5402849816821277314" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">FAMILY OF THE WEEK: POLYGONACEAE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">In India the family is represented by 8 genera and 110 species occurring chiefly in Himalayas.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Vegetative characters:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Mostly herbs but few are shrubby or trees. Sometimes they are climbers such as Antigonon which climb with the help of tendrils terminating the racemes.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The stems are often with swollen nodes and in Cocoloba platyclada the stems and branches are flattened to form phylloclades. The epidermis often forms red pigment. The leaves are alternate, rarely opposite or whorled, simple and entire, toothed or lobed as in Rheum. The leaves are stipulate and the stipules are characteristic of the family. They are usually membranous and forming a complete sheath(ochrea) around the stem above the leaf base. Crystals of Calcium oxalate are often present in the epidermal cells.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Inflorescence and flowers:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The inflorescence is primarily a compound raceme whose branches are cymose. The flowers are small, bracteates, hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, cyclic or acyclic and hypogynous.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The calyx is of three to six, free or basally connate, often petalloid, white or red and persistent sepals which are often enlarged and membranous in fruit. The aestivation is imbricate. The petals are absent. The androecium is of 5-9 stamens. The filaments are free or united at the base. The anthers are dithecous and opening lengthwise.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">An annular nectar secreting glandular disc is mostly present at the base of the ovary. Gynoecium is usually tricarpellary and syncarpous. The ovary is superior and unilocular. The style is two-four clefted. The stigmas are various.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Fruits and seeds:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The fruit is an angled achene usually enclosed in the calyx. The seeds have copious endosperm.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Pollination and seed dispersal:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The flowers are pollinated by wind or insects. The fruits are mostly distributed by wind as the persistent calyx forms a membranous wing. Sometimes they have wings which help distribution by birds or animals.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Examples</span></b><span style="" lang="EN-GB">:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Fagopyrum <span style=""> </span>esculentum </span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB">(Buckwheat,Kuttu)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Fagopyrum <span style=""> </span>tataricum</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Duckwheat)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Oxyria digyna<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Rheum</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Rhubarb)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Rumex acetosa</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Garden sorrel)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Rumex acetosella</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Sheep sorrel)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Polygonum</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Knot weed)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Antigonon leptopus</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Coral vine)<o:p></o:p></span></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-36110818691060094262008-11-22T19:48:00.000+05:302008-11-22T20:08:46.895+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK:PEDALIACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSgXQgG4lRI/AAAAAAAABZI/UT9GTvr3Kj4/s1600-h/Sesamum+orientale.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSgXQgG4lRI/AAAAAAAABZI/UT9GTvr3Kj4/s200/Sesamum+orientale.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271488936101319954" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSgXiISt5BI/AAAAAAAABZg/Z3o4RmQeU8M/s1600-h/Sesamum+orientale2.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 200px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSgXiISt5BI/AAAAAAAABZg/Z3o4RmQeU8M/s200/Sesamum+orientale2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271489238946145298" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Sesamum mulayanum<br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSgXQzWvRrI/AAAAAAAABZY/wseR1fbzP8Q/s1600-h/Martynia+annua2.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSgXQzWvRrI/AAAAAAAABZY/wseR1fbzP8Q/s200/Martynia+annua2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271488941268092594" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSgXQxrIUCI/AAAAAAAABZQ/SejVmsa3w4o/s1600-h/Martynia+annua4.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSgXQxrIUCI/AAAAAAAABZQ/SejVmsa3w4o/s200/Martynia+annua4.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5271488940816748578" border="0" /></a><br /><br />Martynia annua<br /><p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">FAMILY OF THE WEEK:PEDALIACEAE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">In India it is represented by three genera and seven species occurring chiefly in south India. Martyniaceae is considered as a separate family by some.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Vegetative characters:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Annual or perennial herbs or rarely shrubs. Sometimes as in <i style="">Martynia</i>, the roots are tuberous. The leaves are opposite, exstipulate, simple entire lobed or divided.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Inflorescence and flowers:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The flowers are usually axillary solitary or in simple cyme or terminal raceme as in <i style="">Martynia</i>. At the base of the flower stalk characteristic glands are present which metamorphosed flowers are.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The flowers are perfect bisexual zygomorphic and hypogynous. The calyx is of usually five more or less united or distinct sepals. The corolla is gamopetalous, tubular-ventricose, limb obscurely bilabiate, five imbricate lobes. The stamens are usually foue, didynamous and epipetalous on the corolla tube. The fifth posterior stamen is represented by a small staminode. In <i style="">Martynia</i> there are only two fertile stamens and the remaining three are reduced to staminodes. The anthers are dithecous, introrsr and dehiscing longitudinally.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The gynoecium is bicarpellary and syncarpous with a superior ovary. The style is one and slender and the stigma is bilobed. A nectar secretins disc is present at the base of the ovary.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Fruits and the seeds:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The fruit is an indehiscent or dehiscent capsule often with a woody endocarp which is often horned or prickly. In <i style="">Martynia</i> the fruit bears two long curved horns. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Pollination and dispersal:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The flowers are often protandrous and are pollinated by insects which visit them for nectar.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The fruits are adapted for dispersal by large mammals. The fruits are armed with adhesive spines or hooks.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Examples</span></i></b><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">:<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Sesamum indicum<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Sesamum mulayanum<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Sesamum laciniatum<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Martynia annua<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Pedalium murex<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-20905684155939039472008-11-20T20:35:00.002+05:302011-06-30T05:43:01.627+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK : PAPAVERACEAE<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSxHIAg79tI/AAAAAAAABZo/-gDuuOax-yw/s1600-h/DSCN5284a.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSxHIAg79tI/AAAAAAAABZo/-gDuuOax-yw/s200/DSCN5284a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5272667466646681298" border="0" /></a><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Argemone mexicana</span></i></p> <a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSxHIdoRuGI/AAAAAAAABZ4/tg9DBaXOApQ/s1600-h/PoppyDSCN9302.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSxHIdoRuGI/AAAAAAAABZ4/tg9DBaXOApQ/s200/PoppyDSCN9302.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5272667474462095458" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSxHIXMJw1I/AAAAAAAABZw/9MQUxCfMVuE/s1600-h/PoppyDSCN9301.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSxHIXMJw1I/AAAAAAAABZw/9MQUxCfMVuE/s200/PoppyDSCN9301.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5272667472733520722" border="0" /></a><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-io0ZcM4vPIs/Tgu-gt2hWPI/AAAAAAAAD0c/ZrXcCwqlFf0/s1600/_MG_3018s.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 213px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-io0ZcM4vPIs/Tgu-gt2hWPI/AAAAAAAAD0c/ZrXcCwqlFf0/s320/_MG_3018s.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5623798028975560946" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal">California poppy (USA)<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mI1KVh0cOmc/Tgu-g9zUWcI/AAAAAAAAD0k/9pF6hcBKUOM/s1600/_MG_3016s.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 320px; height: 213px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mI1KVh0cOmc/Tgu-g9zUWcI/AAAAAAAAD0k/9pF6hcBKUOM/s320/_MG_3016s.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5623798033257093570" border="0" /></a></p><p class="MsoNormal">California poppy (USA)<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">FAMILY OF THE WEEK : PAPAVERACEAE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">In India this family has 5 genera and about 20 species mostly confined to the Himalayas.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Vegetative characters:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Mostly perennial herbs with a milky or coloured latex.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The leaves are radical or alternate, exstipulate, simple and entire or more often lobed or divided.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Inflorescence and flowers:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The flowers are solitary at the end of main or lateral branches. Sometimes racemes or panicles. The flower buds are often nodding due to more rapid growth of one side of flower stalk.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The flowers are large showy, complete, hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, di-or tri merous and hypogynous.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The sepals are two or three(Argemone), free or united, imbricate and caduceus.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The petals are four to six, biseriate, imbricate and often rolled or crumpled in bud.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The androecium consists of numerous free stamens in several whorls; the filaments are slender; and the anthers are erect, dithecous, extrorse and opening lengthwise.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The gynoecium is of two to many carpels, and it is syncarpousThe ovary is superior and unilocular. The style is very short or absent and the stigmas are as many as carpels, radiating connate and opposite or alternating the placenta.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Fruits and seeds:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The fruit is a many seeded capsule opening by pores or by valves under the lobes of persistent stigmas. The seeds are small with a minute embryo and a copious fleshy fleshy or oily endosperm.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Pollination and seed dispersal:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Self and cross pollination.Flowers do not contain nectar and are visited by pollen seeking insects. The seeds are usually dispersed by wind or by birds, animals or human beings. The seeds of <i style="">Papaver</i> and <i style="">Argemone</i> are dispersed by adhesion to animals, carts or feet of humans.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Papaver somniferum</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> L: Opium poppy<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Papaver rhoeas</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Corn poppy)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Papaver nudicaule</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Iceland poppy)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Papaver orientale</span></i><span style="" lang="EN-GB"> (Oriental poppy)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Argemone mexicana<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-83353392697190017802008-11-18T20:02:00.000+05:302010-03-30T13:24:03.894+05:30ORCHIDACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7GtcAHvbhI/AAAAAAAADpI/bI1jOTtr898/s1600/Habenaria+marginata2.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7GtcAHvbhI/AAAAAAAADpI/bI1jOTtr898/s320/Habenaria+marginata2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454331320302792210" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Habenaria marginata</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7Gtb2VcnrI/AAAAAAAADpA/HLX2kT9iI6Y/s1600/Aerides+maculosum3.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7Gtb2VcnrI/AAAAAAAADpA/HLX2kT9iI6Y/s320/Aerides+maculosum3.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454331317675925170" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Aerides maculosum</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7GtbUqY2uI/AAAAAAAADo4/zS0vb6DC4mE/s1600/Zeuxine+strateumatica.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 320px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7GtbUqY2uI/AAAAAAAADo4/zS0vb6DC4mE/s320/Zeuxine+strateumatica.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454331308636953314" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Zeuxine strateumatica</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLTGUatG-I/AAAAAAAABYY/4KMUlfASipM/s1600-h/Nervilia+infudibulifolia.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLTGUatG-I/AAAAAAAABYY/4KMUlfASipM/s200/Nervilia+infudibulifolia.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270006619490294754" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLTGGAThwI/AAAAAAAABYQ/EEKQIDAR4Es/s1600-h/Habenaria1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLTGGAThwI/AAAAAAAABYQ/EEKQIDAR4Es/s200/Habenaria1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270006615621469954" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJfPk34UyIp2GjEzoVnWZTe9X5P4XX3E0VtyTxtARfflscWpon5dTUj44WEPYGI-SHnMb-V4bBTedcJaSw1Nds4xfZv6eFIE2kLD5zSodcg_ClGU5wfa_wadHeO4TOG8Jog-fiSCMFhIEt/s1600-h/DSCN6300.JPG"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 150px; height: 200px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhJfPk34UyIp2GjEzoVnWZTe9X5P4XX3E0VtyTxtARfflscWpon5dTUj44WEPYGI-SHnMb-V4bBTedcJaSw1Nds4xfZv6eFIE2kLD5zSodcg_ClGU5wfa_wadHeO4TOG8Jog-fiSCMFhIEt/s200/DSCN6300.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270006611546877810" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLTFuG-WBI/AAAAAAAABYA/BHF7mjkit2I/s1600-h/Habenaria+marginata.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLTFuG-WBI/AAAAAAAABYA/BHF7mjkit2I/s200/Habenaria+marginata.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270006609206990866" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLSrpVBWbI/AAAAAAAABX4/SsI0zIDjGds/s1600-h/DSCN5287.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLSrpVBWbI/AAAAAAAABX4/SsI0zIDjGds/s200/DSCN5287.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270006161247132082" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLSrCRrqOI/AAAAAAAABXw/2zei7cWIc7I/s1600-h/DSCN1443b.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLSrCRrqOI/AAAAAAAABXw/2zei7cWIc7I/s200/DSCN1443b.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270006150764144866" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLSrIlMbHI/AAAAAAAABXo/uhhUnx5R9Ag/s1600-h/Dendrobium.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 112px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLSrIlMbHI/AAAAAAAABXo/uhhUnx5R9Ag/s200/Dendrobium.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270006152456596594" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLSqt-RsXI/AAAAAAAABXg/yFBTLu2MZrM/s1600-h/Vanilla+flower.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 184px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLSqt-RsXI/AAAAAAAABXg/yFBTLu2MZrM/s200/Vanilla+flower.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270006145314042226" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLSqdVHeaI/AAAAAAAABXY/l8ggQ8qU3PM/s1600-h/DSCN9968a.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLSqdVHeaI/AAAAAAAABXY/l8ggQ8qU3PM/s200/DSCN9968a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270006140846438818" border="0" /></a><br /><p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">FAMILY OF THE WEEK: ORCHIDACEAE<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">A large family of 735 genera and over 17000 species, cosmopolitan in distribution but abundant in tropics and rare in arctic regions. This is the second largest family of the Indian flora, with 128 genera and about 881 speciesoccuring in Himalayas western ghats.They are most abundant in eastern Himalayas.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Vegetative characters:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Perennial herbs, terrestrial, epiphytic or saprophytic. The tropical species are mostly epiphytes while those occurring in temperate zones are largely terrestrial. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">They have fleshy roots, root stocks corms or bulbs.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Terrestrial forms are sympodial. The internodes are often swollen to store food. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The epiphytic forms are mostly sympodial or sometimes monopodial. They develop aerial roots which have an outer layer of water absorbing tissue, the velamen. Most epiphytic forma drop their leaves in dry season. They usually develop a fleshy pseudo –bulb every year. The saprophytic form don’t have green leaves and they grow on humus.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The leaves are alternate often distichous or rarely opposite. The leaves are often fleshy linear or ovate. They are sheathing at base and encircling the stem. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Inflorescence and flowers:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">They are solitary or in racemes spikes or in panicles.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The flowers are often showy and beautifully coloured. They are bracteates, bisexual or rarely unisexual zygomorphic and epigynous. The perianth is in two trimerous whorls, the outer often calyx like and inner corolla like. The tepals are free or variously connate in each whorl. Outer tepals are alike. The two lateral tepals of the inner whorl are alike but the median tepal is very different in size, shape and the colour from the lateral tepals. It is bulbous,spurred,tubular,strap shaped or variously divided and contribute to the beauty of the flower. This modified tepal is called lip or labellum.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The most characteristic pattern of the orchid flower is gynandrium or coloumn which is a highly complex structure formed by the adnation of the stamens style and the stigma.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The androecium is usually represented by<span style=""> </span>one or two sessile anthers.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The gynoecium is tricarpellary and syncarpouswith an inferior ovary.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Fruits and seeds:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The fruit is usually a capsule opening laterally by three to six hygroscopically sensitive valves. The seeds are large in number minute often fusiform and rarely winged.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Pollination and seed dispersal:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span style="" lang="EN-GB">The flowers are adpted for insect pollination.The innumerable light seeds are suited to distribution by wind.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><b style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Examples:<o:p></o:p></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Cypripedium<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Catteleya<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Habenaria<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Vanda<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Cymbidium<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Dendrobium<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Epidendrum<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Orchis<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Aeridis<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB">Vanilla planifolia<o:p></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><i style=""><span style="" lang="EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></i></p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-83789892387252111692008-11-08T22:33:00.000+05:302010-03-30T13:26:28.851+05:30OXALIDACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7Guh2Ku2BI/AAAAAAAADpc/7GJVwpAM15U/s1600/Purple+shamrockDSCN1932.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7Guh2Ku2BI/AAAAAAAADpc/7GJVwpAM15U/s320/Purple+shamrockDSCN1932.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454332520221825042" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7GuhXBIN5I/AAAAAAAADpU/ZCN218HQbA4/s1600/Oxalis+regnellii+atropurpurea+-+Purple+ShamrockDSCN1931s.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7GuhXBIN5I/AAAAAAAADpU/ZCN218HQbA4/s320/Oxalis+regnellii+atropurpurea+-+Purple+ShamrockDSCN1931s.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454332511860045714" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLV-9xH77I/AAAAAAAABYo/pXv-Ksj5uv8/s1600-h/Oxalis+corniculata.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SSLV-9xH77I/AAAAAAAABYo/pXv-Ksj5uv8/s200/Oxalis+corniculata.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5270009791686111154" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SRXLDXzfleI/AAAAAAAABII/DeG5VxjRJfc/s1600-h/Oxalis+dehradunensis1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SRXLDXzfleI/AAAAAAAABII/DeG5VxjRJfc/s200/Oxalis+dehradunensis1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5266338598069704162" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Oxalis dehradunensis<br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FAMILY OF THE WEEK : OXALIDACEAE</span><br />The OXALIDACEAE contains 3 genera and 875 species mostly in tropical and subtropical region.In India there are 2 genera and about 12 species distributed mostly in Himalayas. Indian sorrel is a common example found throughout India.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Vegetative characters :</span><br />Perennial herbs. Plants often produce fleshy rhizomes or bulbous tubers. The leaves are alternate or radical(<span style="font-style: italic;">Oxalis</span>), digitately (<span style="font-style: italic;">Oxalis</span>) or pinnately(<span style="font-style: italic;">Biophytum</span>) compound and exstipulate.<br />The leaflets are folded and bent downwards in bud at night. The leaves of many species of <span style="font-style: italic;">Biophytum </span>are sensitive and the leaflets bend down when touched.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Inflorescence and flowers :</span><br />The flowers are solitary or subumbellate or racemose.They are bracteate, complete and hermaphrodite, actinomorphic, pentamerous and hypogynous. The calyx is of five imbricate and persistent sepals which are free or united. The corolla is composed of five shortly clawed, free or basally connate petals. The androecium is of 10 stamens in alternate whorls.They are obdiplostemonous. The filaments are connate at the base. The gynoecium is pentacarpellary and syncarpous with a superior five-locular ovary. The styles are five, free and persistent and the stigmas are capitate or shortly divided.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Fruits and seeds :</span><br />The fruit is loculicidal capsule. The seeds have a straight embryo enveloped by a fleshy copious endosperm. An explosive aril is often present on the seeds.<br />Pollination and seed dispersal :<br />The flowers are protandrous and the pollination is by insects. The seeds are shot off as the capsule opens.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Examples </span>:<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Oxalis corniculata</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Oxalis pes-caprae,</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Oxalis corymbosa</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Oxalis latifolia</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Oxalis dehradunensis</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Biophytum sensitivum<br /><br /></span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-64965035255362097862008-10-29T08:55:00.000+05:302008-10-30T13:15:12.096+05:30NYMPHACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SQlacRyps8I/AAAAAAAAA6s/RDBLaltBHv8/s1600-h/139NelumboNeucifera%28Lotus%29.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SQlacRyps8I/AAAAAAAAA6s/RDBLaltBHv8/s200/139NelumboNeucifera%28Lotus%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5262837081417823170" border="0" /></a><br />NelumboNeucifera(Lotus)<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SQladPsz0dI/AAAAAAAAA68/0qX6_EUOyg0/s1600-h/141Water+lilyViolet.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SQladPsz0dI/AAAAAAAAA68/0qX6_EUOyg0/s200/141Water+lilyViolet.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5262837098036318674" border="0" /></a><br />Water lilyViolet<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SQlacusXjNI/AAAAAAAAA60/I_AuSFAyAnk/s1600-h/140Nymphea+pubescens%28Water+lily%29.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 200px; height: 150px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SQlacusXjNI/AAAAAAAAA60/I_AuSFAyAnk/s200/140Nymphea+pubescens%28Water+lily%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5262837089176095954" border="0" /></a><br />Nymphea pubescens(Water lily)<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">FAMILY OF THE WEEK : NYMPHACEAE</span><br />The family is represented by 8 genera and about 90 species most abundant in tropics. In India there are 4 genera and 7 species occurring throughout India.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Vegetative characters :</span><br />They are perennial aquatic herbs with a creeping or erect sympodial <span style="font-weight: bold;">rhizome</span>. There is a scattered arrangement of vascular bundles.<br />The <span style="font-weight: bold;">leaves </span>are usually large, simple and long petioled, arising from the root stalk or from the slender floating stem (<span style="font-style: italic;">Cabomba</span>). They are usually floating or sometimes emerged as in <span style="font-style: italic;">Nelumbo</span>. often peltate.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Inflorescence and flowers :</span><br />The <span style="font-weight: bold;">flowers </span>are axillary, solitary, long peduncled, and float on the surface or raised much above the water(Nelumbo) or partially submerged. The flowers are large showy, often sweet scented, bisexual, actinomorphic, hypogynous or more or less epigynous and acyclic to cyclic.<br />The <span style="font-weight: bold;">calyx </span>and corolla are poorly differentiated. The calyx is composed of 3-5 sepals. The sepals are distinct and green or coloured and petioled.<br />The <span style="font-weight: bold;">corolla </span>is polypetalous with three to indefinite and variously coloured or white showy petals. In Nymphea numerous spirally arranged petals gradually pass into stamens.<br />The androecium is composed of three to indefinite distinct stamens. The gynoecium is of two to three to numeruos carpels. In Nelumboideae there are a large number of carpels which are embedded separately in round pits which are on the flat upper surface of of a swollen spongy and obconical receptacle.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Fruits and seeds :</span><br />In Cabomboideae the fruit is a closed indehiscent follicle with one to three pendulous seeds. In Nelumboideae the fruit is indehiscent one seeded nutlet. The seeds are with a large embryo and with no endo ro perisperm. In Nymphaeoideae the fruit is a spongy berry with numerous seeds and it dehisces by swelling of mucilage. The seeds have small embryo and endosperm and abundant perisperm.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Pollination and seed dispersal :</span><br />Bright and showy fragrant flowers favour pollination by insect, flies and small beetles.Seed dispersal is mostly by water. Somespecies of Nuphar, Brasenia, and Cabomba are dispersed by ducks which eat the pulp of these fruits greedily.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Examples </span>:<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Nelumbo nucifera </span>(Lotus) Kamal <span style="font-style: italic;">Nymphaea nauchali(</span>Indian red water Lily) <span style="font-style: italic;">Nymphaea stellata(</span>Indian blue water Lily) <span style="font-style: italic;">Nymphaea alba (</span>European white water Lily) <span style="font-style: italic;">Victoria amazonica</span>(Royal water Lily)Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-38804366664038812982008-10-11T19:36:00.000+05:302010-03-30T13:06:52.967+05:30MYRTACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7GpnWPg3_I/AAAAAAAADoI/m8uTVGPFdAM/s1600/Syzigium+cumini1a.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7GpnWPg3_I/AAAAAAAADoI/m8uTVGPFdAM/s320/Syzigium+cumini1a.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454327117173022706" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Syzigium cumini</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7GpmxY-JeI/AAAAAAAADoA/sJ-nAcri1ps/s1600/DSCN0634Eucalyptus1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7GpmxY-JeI/AAAAAAAADoA/sJ-nAcri1ps/s320/DSCN0634Eucalyptus1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454327107280578018" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Eucalyptus sp.</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SPYfLbW_89I/AAAAAAAAA6U/7FKCX-O1AVE/s1600-h/Callistemon.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SPYfLbW_89I/AAAAAAAAA6U/7FKCX-O1AVE/s200/Callistemon.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5257423896184878034" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Callistemon<br /><br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SPYciNc8QSI/AAAAAAAAA6E/IR_13rfcr00/s1600-h/Guava.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SPYciNc8QSI/AAAAAAAAA6E/IR_13rfcr00/s200/Guava.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5257420989053813026" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Psidium guajava </span>(Guava,Amrood,Peru)<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SPYciWws8RI/AAAAAAAAA6M/6eagL_j4tl0/s1600-h/Syzizium1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SPYciWws8RI/AAAAAAAAA6M/6eagL_j4tl0/s200/Syzizium1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5257420991552614674" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Syzygium </span>(Jamun,Jambhul)<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">FAMILY OF THE WEEK :MYRTACEAE</span><br />A large family of 120 genera and 3375 species worldwide. In India there are 14 genera and 165 species occurring chiefly in Eastern India.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Vegetative characters :</span><br />Trees or shrubs with aromatic fragrance.<br />The vascular bundles in the stem are bicollateral and oil glands are present in young stem leaves and floral parts.The leaves are opposite or rarely alternate or crowded at the ends of branches, simple persistent, thick,mostly entire and exstipulate.<br />Inflorescence and flowers :<br />The flowers are axillary solitary(Psidium), in racemes (Barringtonia),in heads or spikes(Callistemon) or in cymes(Tristania).<br />The flowers are bracteate and often have two bracteoles at the base. They are hermaphrodite, actinomorphic,four or five merous, epigynous. The calyx is composed of four or five sepals. The corolla is of five petals. Mostly the stamens are numerous, free, or united into bundles opposite the petals. The gynoecium is two to several carpellary syncarpous and with an inferior ovary having as many locules as the number of carpels. The style is one smooth or bearded at the summit and the stigma is simple. The ovary is crowned by a fleshy disc.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Fruits and seeds :</span><br />The fruit is loculicidally or septicidally dehiscent or sometimes indehiscent woody or fibrous or a fleshy berry.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Pollination and seed dispersal :</span><br />The flowers are pollinated by insects which visit for nectar secreted by the fleshy disc crowning the ovary.Species like Callistemon are pollinated by birds.The dispersal of seeds takes place by wind or by birds and animals.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Examples </span>:<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Eucalyptus</span> (Nilgiri)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Syzygium </span>(Jamun,Jambhul)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Psidium guajava </span>(Guava,Amrood,Peru)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Pimenta officinalis</span> (Allspice)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Callistemon</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Myrtus communis.</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-26048660037476754212008-10-11T18:14:00.000+05:302008-10-17T19:21:04.943+05:30MUSACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOqO6hBijB6sCuHeikheAhQtBumSni3KPRGoUcu9Q32h2uhu5n82ftvAXHUID3yzzXa6Yx9GeOc3IGxp6SFbBb9ccxuYcTtv52CxN3rTUajFgnugE083-UDZl7Cre3STYW1-5TaO9nbbge/s1600-h/Musa+paradisica1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOqO6hBijB6sCuHeikheAhQtBumSni3KPRGoUcu9Q32h2uhu5n82ftvAXHUID3yzzXa6Yx9GeOc3IGxp6SFbBb9ccxuYcTtv52CxN3rTUajFgnugE083-UDZl7Cre3STYW1-5TaO9nbbge/s200/Musa+paradisica1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5258119889442511666" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SPiYL7C7SdI/AAAAAAAAA6k/V6P3r-U67no/s1600-h/Musa+paradisica2.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SPiYL7C7SdI/AAAAAAAAA6k/V6P3r-U67no/s200/Musa+paradisica2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5258119895551003090" border="0" /></a><br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">FAMILY OF THE WEEK : MUSACEAE</span><br />A small family of two genera (<span style="font-style: italic;">Musa </span>and <span style="font-style: italic;">Ensete</span>) In India only one genus Musa with 10 species occurring in the Himalayas western ghats and Assam.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Vegetative characters :</span><br />They are perennial large to gigantic herbs attaining a height upto 15 meters. They persist by means of underground rhizome.<br />The aerial pseudo stem which is usually tall, stout and unbranched is formed by imbricate,sheathing and stiff bases of the leaves. A short conical axis is concealed at the base of the shaft and its growth is terminated by the inflorescence. The axillary shoots provide new growth.<br />The leaves are spirally arranged, large and oval or oblong with a stout midrib and numerous parallel veins extending to the margins.<br />Inflorescence and flowers :<br />The plant produces a single terminal inflorescence which springs from the rhizome and emerges at the top of the pseudo stem.The flowers are arranged collaterally in racemes and are protected by large brightly coloured spathe like bracts.Flowers are mostly unisexual and the plants are monoecious with male flowers in upper bracts and female within the lower bracts.<br />They are zygomorphic, trimerous and epigynous. The perianth is of six members in two whorls of three each.There are six stamens.The gynoecium is tricarpellary and syncarpous with an inferior ovary. The style is filioform and the stigma is three lobed.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Fruits and seeds:</span><br />The fruit is a fleshy berry which does not produce any seeds in cultivated form of Musa.<br />The seeds have a thick and hard testa.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Pollination and seed dispersal :</span><br />Insects pollinate the flowers who visit for the nectar. Sometimes also by nectar seeking birds.Seeds are dispersed by animals.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Examples</span>:<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Musa paradisiaca</span> L. subsp. <span style="font-style: italic;">sapientum</span> (Banana. Kela)<br />There are over 200 varities under cultivation.Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-5645910721319999922008-10-03T19:33:00.000+05:302010-03-30T13:17:58.104+05:30FAMILY OF THE WEEK : MIMOSEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaVFRjw6euFBRZEzVyy5rkJEu41zKQPvwtW6EUmxRl5m7ZMjnFFXdt86MRmDmuu_oJq0NGWVaZP8xhHUFMx4Fovj3c5CKOPttClLjretuoZo-MnQ3E5UUSucU2Ogj-KqEWpI2nhjMFr9BG/s1600/Parkia1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhaVFRjw6euFBRZEzVyy5rkJEu41zKQPvwtW6EUmxRl5m7ZMjnFFXdt86MRmDmuu_oJq0NGWVaZP8xhHUFMx4Fovj3c5CKOPttClLjretuoZo-MnQ3E5UUSucU2Ogj-KqEWpI2nhjMFr9BG/s320/Parkia1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454328475124060162" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Parkia biglandulosa</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVzWnKDEa-oDGEGdnhwavkRjbXprCp0IP9fSfKvDvxaxxOP69SKS7fFrtnh4q5tbR6fWEvOFQ-mI8YOkhMvZJ3l6VZzp6rLeezF0gIoiJ1mByWe6f6RVxR6aecPmn48QgUCfwMgY_Vpeku/s1600/Albizia+procera1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhVzWnKDEa-oDGEGdnhwavkRjbXprCp0IP9fSfKvDvxaxxOP69SKS7fFrtnh4q5tbR6fWEvOFQ-mI8YOkhMvZJ3l6VZzp6rLeezF0gIoiJ1mByWe6f6RVxR6aecPmn48QgUCfwMgY_Vpeku/s320/Albizia+procera1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454328469201207074" border="0" /></a><br />Albizzia procera (किनई )<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7Gq1i6xfGI/AAAAAAAADoc/3Knji4PX7V4/s1600/Adenanthera+pavonina%28Ratangunj%293.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/S7Gq1i6xfGI/AAAAAAAADoc/3Knji4PX7V4/s320/Adenanthera+pavonina%28Ratangunj%293.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454328460605488226" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Adenanthera pavonina</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhXnL71rVhY_t56huQXKQGldKUZ0yqnTmaTPFpGwFvROTzl8PUtF7DXAZWpE6jrCH3yxgNOomlOK2FnrhhoIisHMWFK7SRTi7y5JdFzxavD0OHcMtjRu7OukuPM0XxeqM1yWs7Xd5Zmece/s1600/Rain+tree.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjhXnL71rVhY_t56huQXKQGldKUZ0yqnTmaTPFpGwFvROTzl8PUtF7DXAZWpE6jrCH3yxgNOomlOK2FnrhhoIisHMWFK7SRTi7y5JdFzxavD0OHcMtjRu7OukuPM0XxeqM1yWs7Xd5Zmece/s320/Rain+tree.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5454328459378739346" border="0" /></a><br />e<span style="font-style: italic;"> </span><span style="font-style: italic;">saman</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOYv6tkOPDI/AAAAAAAAA4w/ViLpGJeCLvE/s1600-h/Acacia+nilotica.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOYv6tkOPDI/AAAAAAAAA4w/ViLpGJeCLvE/s200/Acacia+nilotica.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5252938701084703794" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Acacia nilotica</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOYv66NoskI/AAAAAAAAA44/9dkhg0E2muE/s1600-h/Acacia+auriculata1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOYv66NoskI/AAAAAAAAA44/9dkhg0E2muE/s200/Acacia+auriculata1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5252938704479629890" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Acacia auriculaeformis</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOYv6ypaypI/AAAAAAAAA5A/s-p40Gf4wl4/s1600-h/Adenanthera+pavonina%28Ratangunj%29.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOYv6ypaypI/AAAAAAAAA5A/s-p40Gf4wl4/s200/Adenanthera+pavonina%28Ratangunj%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5252938702448675474" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Adenanthera pavonina</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl_mYmGYRlnLoI-1YJORh5PDy7Gp6jaMQqN9Oaz6kP7rLKs82B-dCw0evWonIBA0kY31_hhCSPHndPUnoo6uL3x4dM5bz8wF3BIhQkAJum2Y4iZ4WW4FrdJXWvUocHJ3GmmPA3wRDY5s93/s1600-h/Albizia+Lebek.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjl_mYmGYRlnLoI-1YJORh5PDy7Gp6jaMQqN9Oaz6kP7rLKs82B-dCw0evWonIBA0kY31_hhCSPHndPUnoo6uL3x4dM5bz8wF3BIhQkAJum2Y4iZ4WW4FrdJXWvUocHJ3GmmPA3wRDY5s93/s200/Albizia+Lebek.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5252938707078642098" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Albizzia lebbek<br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOYyi3sXD_I/AAAAAAAAA5Y/cJf65MbntCM/s1600-h/Mimosa+hamata.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOYyi3sXD_I/AAAAAAAAA5Y/cJf65MbntCM/s200/Mimosa+hamata.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5252941590021214194" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Mimosa hamata<br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOYy8oa8hFI/AAAAAAAAA5o/b-UY_TKFKGs/s1600-h/Albizia+chinensis.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOYy8oa8hFI/AAAAAAAAA5o/b-UY_TKFKGs/s200/Albizia+chinensis.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5252942032598238290" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Albizzia chinensis<br /></span><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOYzbRVzGsI/AAAAAAAAA5w/hJdnviR3ulE/s1600-h/Dichrostachys+cinerea%28Sigamkathi%29.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOYzbRVzGsI/AAAAAAAAA5w/hJdnviR3ulE/s200/Dichrostachys+cinerea%28Sigamkathi%29.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5252942558978579138" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Dichrostachys cinerea<br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FAMILY OF THE WEEK : MIMOSEAE</span><br />Bentham and Hooker divided the Leguminosae into three subfamilies : Papilionaceae,Caesalpinieae and mimoseae.Most of the recent taxonomist treat them as three distinct families.<br /><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">MIMOSEAE </span>: There are about 56 genera and2800 species widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions but they are abundant in southern hemisphere. In India this family is represented by 15 genera and 72 species mostly in tropical and subtropical Himalayas and western Peninsular India.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Vegetative characters :</span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">They are mostly trees and shrubs and rarely herbs(<span style="font-style: italic;">Neptunia</span>) or woody climbers, climbing with the help of leaf tendrils (<span style="font-style: italic;">Entada</span>)</p><p class="MsoNormal">The <span style="font-weight: bold;">stems </span>of climbing species show anomalous growth in thickness and they become winged. Tannin sacs and gum passages are common in pith and medullary rays.</p><p class="MsoNormal">The <span style="font-weight: bold;">leaves </span>are usually alternat and bipinnate or rarely simply pinnate as in Inga. The stipules are present and in some species of <span style="font-style: italic;">Acacia </span>they are modified into thorns. In many species of Australian acacia the leaves are represented by simple green phyllodes. The leaves of Mimosa and <span style="font-style: italic;">Neptunia </span>are sensitive to touch and assume a sleep position.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Inflorescence and flowers: </span><br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">The minute flowers are generally in dense globose headsbut sometimes they are spikate or racemose(Prosopis and some Acacias). In dicrostachys the spikes are dimorphic.</p><p class="MsoNormal">The flowers are actinomorphic, bisexual or rarely unisexual or polygamous, mostly pentamerous and hypogynous.</p><p class="MsoNormal">The <span style="font-weight: bold;">calyx </span>is composed of usually five sepals which are united into a short tube. the corolla is also usually of five petals.</p><p class="MsoNormal">The number and cohesion of <span style="font-weight: bold;">stamens </span>show much variation.Generally they are numerous. The <span style="font-weight: bold;">Gynoecium </span>is of single carpel. The ovary is superior and unilocular with usually several ovules along the ventral suture. The style and stigma are one.</p><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal">Fruits and seeds :</p><p class="MsoNormal">The fruit is legume or indehiscent.In several species of Acacia the fruit is lomentum. It is constricted between the seeds and breaks into one seeded segments. The seeds are with scanty endosperm.</p><p style="font-weight: bold;" class="MsoNormal">Pollination and seed dispersal :</p><p class="MsoNormal">The flowers are pollinated by insects which are attracted by long exerted and beautifully coloured stamens. The seeds are dispersed by wind, birds or animals.</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Examples </span>:</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-style: italic;">Mimosa pudica</span> (Sensitive plant)Lajalu</p><p style="font-style: italic;" class="MsoNormal">Mimosa hamata<br /></p><p style="font-style: italic;" class="MsoNormal">Acacia nilotica,(Babhul) Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia auriculaeformis, Acacia concinna, Acaciacatechu, Acacia ferruginea, Acacia leucophloea<br /></p><p style="font-style: italic;" class="MsoNormal">Albizzia lebbek, Albizzia procera, Albizziaodoratissima,Albizzia amara, Albizzia chinensis,<br /></p><p style="font-style: italic;" class="MsoNormal">Pithecolobium dulce</p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-style: italic;">Dichrostachys cinerea</span>(Sigamkathi)<br /></p><p class="MsoNormal">Prosopis juliflora<br /></p><blockquote></blockquote><p></p> Xylia xylocarpa<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Adenanthera pavonina</span>(Ratangunj)Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-64496688625114799962008-09-29T21:03:00.000+05:302008-09-29T23:26:55.521+05:30MORACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOEWnHeW5vI/AAAAAAAAA4o/xmwi5N4ERrE/s1600-h/Ficus+benghalensis.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOEWnHeW5vI/AAAAAAAAA4o/xmwi5N4ERrE/s200/Ficus+benghalensis.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5251503501767796466" border="0" /></a><br />Ficus benghalensis<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOEPTNFMbuI/AAAAAAAAA4Q/1dDkV0rP9eg/s1600-h/Ficus+DSCN1007.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOEPTNFMbuI/AAAAAAAAA4Q/1dDkV0rP9eg/s200/Ficus+DSCN1007.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5251495463094087394" border="0" /></a><br />Artocarpus lakoocha<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOESEWA2olI/AAAAAAAAA4g/9QUQdyRng3E/s1600-h/Morus+alba2.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOESEWA2olI/AAAAAAAAA4g/9QUQdyRng3E/s200/Morus+alba2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5251498506328646226" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Morus alba</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOEPWS6e4VI/AAAAAAAAA4Y/ta_AKQ05eHc/s1600-h/Morus+alba1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOEPWS6e4VI/AAAAAAAAA4Y/ta_AKQ05eHc/s200/Morus+alba1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5251495516199379282" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Morus alba</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOEJm1GfXwI/AAAAAAAAA4A/TdRtUCNZbrU/s1600-h/Artocarpus+incisa2.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOEJm1GfXwI/AAAAAAAAA4A/TdRtUCNZbrU/s200/Artocarpus+incisa2.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5251489203184688898" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Artocarpus incisa</span><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOEJnLbMtyI/AAAAAAAAA4I/N7X66LNdZBc/s1600-h/DSCN9823.JPG"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SOEJnLbMtyI/AAAAAAAAA4I/N7X66LNdZBc/s200/DSCN9823.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5251489209177126690" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Broussonetia papyrifera<br /><br /></span><span style="font-weight: bold;">FAMILY OF THE WEEK : MORACEAE</span><br />A family of 53 genera and 1400 species, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions.In India the family is represented by 15 genera and 150 species occurring mostly in tropical and sub tropical Himalayas and Assam.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Vegetative characters :</span><br />They are mostly trees or shrubs or rarely herbs as in <span style="font-style: italic;">Dorstenia</span>. Some species of <span style="font-style: italic;">Ficus </span>climb on other trees with the help of aerial clasping roots.<br />Many species of Ficus produce aerial roots which form great pillars supporting the branches. The tree attains immense size.<br />The leaves are alternate, rarely opposite, simple, peni-or palminerved and stipulate. The stipules are caducous and leave a scar when they fall off. they are small and lateral or intra petiolar.<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Ficus krishnae</span> has a curious cup shaped leaves.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Inflorescences and flowers :</span><br />The small flowers are basically arranged in cym0ose inflorescences which form spikes,heads disks or hollow receptacles. In Morus the male flowers are arranged in Catkins and the female in pseudo spikes. In Artocarpus the male flowers are arranged in pseudo catkins and the female in pseudo heads. In ficus a very large number of flowers are born on the inner side of a hollowed out globose or pear shaped receptacle. It has a narrow apical orifice which is closed by a small overlapping bracts.There are three types of flowers male female and gall flowers the latter are sterile female flowers. The species of Ficus are monoecious or dioecious. In the former, all the three kinds of flowers are present in the same receptacle. In dioecious species the male and gall flowers are are born in the receptacle of one plant and the female flowers in the receptacles on the other plant.<br />Many species of Ficus are cauliflorus, bearing flowers on old parts of trunk, while several others are geocarpic fruiting on underground stolons which arise from the baes of the trunk.<br />The flowers are unisexual actinomorphic and hypogynous to epigynous.<br />The perianth consists of usually four persistent, free or more or less united tepals which are valvate or imbricate in bud. The stamens are usually four. Sometimes they are only one or two stamens as in Ficus and Artocarpus.The anthers are versatile, dithecous and opening lengthwise.<br />In the female flowers the gynoecium consists of basically two syncarpous carpels. The ovary is superior(Morus) or inferior(Dorstenia). unilocular with a solitary more or less curved ovule pendulous from the apex. The styles are mostly two and filiform.<br />Fruits and Seeds :<br />The fruit is an Achene(Ficus) or a drupe(Morus). The seeds are non endospermic or endospermic and generally with a curved embryo.<br />Pollination and seed dispersal :<br />The flowers of Morus and some genera are pollinated by wind. Ficus shows an extraordinary mode of pollination by a special gall wasp.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Examples</span>:<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Morus alba,nigra,macroura,laevigata,serrata</span> Ficus largest genus with 800 species <span style="font-style: italic;">Ficus benghalensis </span>L. Banyan,Wad <span style="font-style: italic;">Ficus religiosa </span>(Peepal) <span style="font-style: italic;">Ficusramosa synFicus glomerulata</span>(Gular) <span style="font-style: italic;">Ficus infectoria</span>(Pilkhan)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Ficus virens</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Ficus krishnae</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Ficus elastca</span>(Indian rubber tree)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Ficus carica</span>(Fig Anjir)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Artocarpus altilis</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Artocarpus incisa</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Artocarpus lakoocha</span> <span style="font-style: italic;"><br />Broussonetia papyrifera</span>(Paper mulberry)Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-60778580687409978042008-09-23T20:13:00.000+05:302010-03-30T12:32:14.147+05:30MELASTOMATACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNkBnLQspDI/AAAAAAAAA3Q/e7VbjRk0xmg/s1600-h/Melastoma+malabathricum1.JPG"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNkBnLQspDI/AAAAAAAAA3Q/e7VbjRk0xmg/s200/Melastoma+malabathricum1.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5249228613226374194" border="0" /></a><br />Melastoma malabathricum<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNkBncTGtHI/AAAAAAAAA3Y/m86rCq36JeE/s1600-h/Memecylon+umbellatum+4Bhor.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNkBncTGtHI/AAAAAAAAA3Y/m86rCq36JeE/s200/Memecylon+umbellatum+4Bhor.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5249228617799873650" border="0" /></a><br />Memecylon umbellatum<br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNkBno4JEqI/AAAAAAAAA3g/MZl6EASeDzI/s1600-h/Memecylon+umbellatum+Buds.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNkBno4JEqI/AAAAAAAAA3g/MZl6EASeDzI/s200/Memecylon+umbellatum+Buds.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5249228621176443554" border="0" /></a><br />Memecylon umbellatum buds<br /><br /><br /><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">FAMILY OF THE WEEK : MELASTOMATACEAE<br /></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 204);font-size:130%;" ><em></em></span><p align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(0, 48, 49);font-size:130%;" ><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"></span><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">vegetative characters:</span></span></span></p><p align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(0, 48, 49);font-size:130%;" ><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 204);"><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Herbs, shrubs or rarely trees. </span><em style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Leaves</strong></em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> opposite, entirely of nearly so, often palmately 3-7 nerved; stipules none. </span><em style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Flowers</strong></em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> regular, bisexual, in spikes, panicles or corymbs, rarely solitary or clustered. </span><em style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Calyx-tube</strong></em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> adnate to the ovary and more o</span>r <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">less prolonged beyond it; limb 4-5 lobed, lobes deciduous. </span><em style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Petals</strong></em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> as many as the calyx-lobes, on the margin of the calyx-limb. </span><em style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Stamens</strong></em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> as many or twice as many as the petals, inserted with them; filaments inflexed in the bud; connective generally prolonged and often much enlarged. </span><em style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Ovary</strong></em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 4-5 celled (in </span><em style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Memecylon</strong></em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"> 1-celled); ovules very many (except in </span><em style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Memecylon</strong></em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">); seeds minute, very many (in </span><em style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><strong>Memecylon </strong></em><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">one only). </span></span></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="justify"><span style="font-size:100%;">Leaves palmately 3-7 nerved. Stamens unequal, seeds many--MELASTOMA.</span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="justify"><span style="font-size:100%;">Leaves penninerved. Stamens equal, seed one--MEMECYLON.</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="justify"><span style="font-size:100%;">Examples:<br />Melastoma malabathricum.</span></p><p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="justify"><span style="font-size:100%;">Memecylon umbellatum(Anjani)<br /></span></p> <p style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" align="justify"> </p>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4719462292907977353.post-54919693713657629032008-09-23T19:20:00.000+05:302010-03-30T12:49:59.685+05:30MELIACEAE<a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNj7xOUSfvI/AAAAAAAAA2o/9PzkojnLFL8/s1600-h/Azadiracta+9.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNj7xOUSfvI/AAAAAAAAA2o/9PzkojnLFL8/s200/Azadiracta+9.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5249222188775669490" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNj7xcLKDDI/AAAAAAAAA2w/KAp1RrWKSlg/s1600-h/DSCN6749.JPG"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNj7xcLKDDI/AAAAAAAAA2w/KAp1RrWKSlg/s200/DSCN6749.JPG" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5249222192495463474" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNj7x_j5koI/AAAAAAAAA24/7bjTreAbamU/s1600-h/Swetenia+Mahogany+4.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNj7x_j5koI/AAAAAAAAA24/7bjTreAbamU/s200/Swetenia+Mahogany+4.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5249222201994482306" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNj7yJzXqcI/AAAAAAAAA3A/HLRaxOD4WSU/s1600-h/Khaya5.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNj7yJzXqcI/AAAAAAAAA3A/HLRaxOD4WSU/s200/Khaya5.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5249222204743723458" border="0" /></a><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNj7yuNCoAI/AAAAAAAAA3I/esE6YcT8JC4/s1600-h/Amoora+Rohitaka1.jpg"><img style="cursor: pointer;" src="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/__QrJWaqfjh8/SNj7yuNCoAI/AAAAAAAAA3I/esE6YcT8JC4/s200/Amoora+Rohitaka1.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5249222214515073026" border="0" /></a><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">FAMILY OF THE WEEK : MELIACEAE</span><br />(MAHOGANY FAMILY)<br />The Mahogany family contains 50 genera and 1400 species distributed exclusively in the tropical regions of the world. In India there are 19 genera and 72 species occurring mostly in the peninsular India.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Vegetative characters:</span><br />They are mostly trees and shrubs, often with hard and scented wood.<br />The leaves are alternate, exstipulate and usually pinnate or rarely 3-pinnate(<span style="font-style: italic;">Melia azadirachta</span>) or simple(<span style="font-style: italic;">Turraea</span>). The leaflets are opposite or alternate., usually entire and more or less oblique at the base.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Inflorescence and flowers :</span><br />The <span style="font-weight: bold;">inflorescence </span>is usually an axillary cymose panicle.<br />The <span style="font-weight: bold;">flowers </span>are actinomorphic, hermaphrodite and hypogynous.<br />The <span style="font-weight: bold;">calyx </span>is composed of 3-6 sepals which are united or rarely free.<br />The <span style="font-weight: bold;">corolla </span>is also composed of 3-6 petals which are free or rarely connate at the base.<br />The <span style="font-weight: bold;">androecium </span>has four to 12 stamens which are inserted outside the base of the hypogynous disc. The filaments are mostly connate in a tube(monadelphous) but they are sometimes free as in Cedrela and Chloroxylon. The anthers are sessile on the staminal tube, included or axserted, dithecous, introrse and dehiscing longitudinally. A nectariferous disc is often present between the stamens and the ovary. The <span style="font-weight: bold;">gynoecium </span>is two to five carpellary and syncarpous with a superior two to five locular ovary. The style is short or absent and the stigma is discoid or capitate.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Fruits and seeds :</span><br />The fruit is loculicidal or septicidal capsule or sometimes baccate or drupaceous.<br />Pollination is usually by insects which visit them for nectar.<br />The winged seeds of <span style="font-style: italic;">toona </span>are dispersed by wind. In others the dispersal may be by bats and birds or by squirrels.<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Examples</span>:<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Swietenia mahogani</span> (West Indies Mahogany)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Swietenia macrophylla</span><br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Khaya senegalensis </span>(African Mahogany)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Toona ciliata</span> <span style="font-style: italic;">Chickrassia tabularis</span> (Chittagong wood)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Chloroxylon swietenia</span>(Satin wood)<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Azadirachta indica</span>(Neem)Kadulimb<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Melia azedarach</span>(Bankayan)Bakana nimb<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Melia dubia</span>(कडू खजूर; निम्बारा )<br /><span style="font-style: italic;">Aphanamixis polystachya syn. Aphanamixis rohituka syn.Amoora rohituka</span>Unknownnoreply@blogger.com0